शक्र

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शक्र (śakra).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃək.ɾᵊ/, [ʃɐk.ɾᵊ]

Adjective

शक्र • (śakra) (indeclinable)

1. (rare) strong, powerful, mighty

Proper noun

शक्र • (śakra) m

1. (Hinduism, Vedic religion) Indra
2. (Buddhism) Śakra

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “शक्र”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• Platts, John T. (1884) “शक्र”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शक्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শক্ৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬓ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• শক্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰎𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀓𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ၐကြ (Burmese script)
• શક્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਕ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌕𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦏꦿ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂍𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಕ್ರ (Kannada script)
• ឝក្រ (Khmer script)
• ຨກ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• ശക്ര (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᡬᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘎𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢉᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑦮𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐎𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଶକ୍ର (Odia script)
• ꢯꢒ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆑𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖎𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ශක්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩜 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚊𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
• ஶக்ர (Tamil script)
• శక్ర (Telugu script)
• ศกฺร (Thai script)
• ཤ་ཀྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒏𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨋𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root शक् (śak, “to be strong, powerful, capable”) +‎ -र (-ra, “adjectival suffix”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐk.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐk.ɾɐ/

Adjective

शक्र • (śakrá) stem (root शक्)

1. strong, powerful, mighty (Rigvedic epithet of Indra)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शक्र (śakrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शक्रः śakráḥ	शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śakraú / śakrā́¹	शक्राः / शक्रासः¹ śakrā́ḥ / śakrā́saḥ¹
Vocative	शक्र śákra	शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śákrau / śákrā¹	शक्राः / शक्रासः¹ śákrāḥ / śákrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शक्रम् śakrám	शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śakraú / śakrā́¹	शक्रान् śakrā́n
Instrumental	शक्रेण śakréṇa	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्रैः / शक्रेभिः¹ śakraíḥ / śakrébhiḥ¹
Dative	शक्राय śakrā́ya	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ
Ablative	शक्रात् śakrā́t	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ
Genitive	शक्रस्य śakrásya	शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ	शक्राणाम् śakrā́ṇām
Locative	शक्रे śakré	शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ	शक्रेषु śakréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of शक्रा (śakrā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शक्रा śakrā́	शक्रे śakré	शक्राः śakrā́ḥ
Vocative	शक्रे śákre	शक्रे śákre	शक्राः śákrāḥ
Accusative	शक्राम् śakrā́m	शक्रे śakré	शक्राः śakrā́ḥ
Instrumental	शक्रया / शक्रा¹ śakráyā / śakrā́¹	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्राभिः śakrā́bhiḥ
Dative	शक्रायै śakrā́yai	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्राभ्यः śakrā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	शक्रायाः / शक्रायै² śakrā́yāḥ / śakrā́yai²	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्राभ्यः śakrā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	शक्रायाः / शक्रायै² śakrā́yāḥ / śakrā́yai²	शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ	शक्राणाम् śakrā́ṇām
Locative	शक्रायाम् śakrā́yām	शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ	शक्रासु śakrā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of शक्र (śakrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शक्रम् śakrám	शक्रे śakré	शक्राणि / शक्रा¹ śakrā́ṇi / śakrā́¹
Vocative	शक्र śákra	शक्रे śákre	शक्राणि / शक्रा¹ śákrāṇi / śákrā¹
Accusative	शक्रम् śakrám	शक्रे śakré	शक्राणि / शक्रा¹ śakrā́ṇi / śakrā́¹
Instrumental	शक्रेण śakréṇa	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्रैः / शक्रेभिः¹ śakraíḥ / śakrébhiḥ¹
Dative	शक्राय śakrā́ya	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ
Ablative	शक्रात् śakrā́t	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ
Genitive	शक्रस्य śakrásya	शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ	शक्राणाम् śakrā́ṇām
Locative	शक्रे śakré	शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ	शक्रेषु śakréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Proper noun

शक्र • (śakrá) stem, m

1. (Vedic religion, Hinduism) Indra
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.104.10:

     वी॒रेण्यः॒ क्रतु॒रिन्द्रः॑ सुश॒स्तिरु॒तापि॒ धेना॑ पुरुहू॒तमी॑ट्टे।
     आर्द॑यद्वृ॒त्रमकृ॑णोदु लो॒कं स॑सा॒हे श॒क्रः पृत॑ना अभि॒ष्टिः॥

     vīréṇyaḥ kráturíndraḥ suśastírutā́pi dhénā puruhūtámīṭṭe.
     ā́rdayadvṛtrámákṛṇodu lokáṃ sasāhé śakráḥ pṛ́tanā abhiṣṭíḥ.

     Heroic power and noble praise is Indra yea, the song worships him invoked of many.
     Vṛtra he quelled, and gave men room and freedom: Śakra, victorious, hath conquered armies.

   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 12.6.19:

     तं गोपायति राजेन्द्र शक्रः शरणमागतम्।
     तेन संस्तम्भितः सर्पस्तस्मान्नाग्नौ पतत्यसौ॥

     taṃ gopāyati rājendra śakraḥ śaraṇamāgatam.
     tena saṃstambhitaḥ sarpastasmānnāgnau patatyasau.

     [The Brāhmaṇas replied:] O best of kings, he [the snake Takṣaka] has not fallen into the fire because he is being protected by Indra, whom he has approached for shelter. Indra is holding him back from the fire.

   • c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 8.6.34:

     दूरभारोद्वहश्रान्ताः शक्रवैरोचनादयः।
     अपारयन्तस्तं वोढुं विवशा विजहुः पथि॥

     dūrabhārodvahaśrāntāḥ śakravairocanādayaḥ.
     apārayantastaṃ voḍhuṃ vivaśā vijahuḥ pathi.

     Because of conveying the great mountain for a long distance, Indra, Vairocana [son of Virocana, Mahābali] and the other demigods and demons became fatigued. Being unable to carry the mountain, they left it on the way.

2. (Buddhism) Śakra (Buddhism equivalent of Indra)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शक्र (śakrá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शक्रः śakráḥ	शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śakraú / śakrā́¹	शक्राः / शक्रासः¹ śakrā́ḥ / śakrā́saḥ¹
Vocative	शक्र śákra	शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śákrau / śákrā¹	शक्राः / शक्रासः¹ śákrāḥ / śákrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शक्रम् śakrám	शक्रौ / शक्रा¹ śakraú / śakrā́¹	शक्रान् śakrā́n
Instrumental	शक्रेण śakréṇa	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्रैः / शक्रेभिः¹ śakraíḥ / śakrébhiḥ¹
Dative	शक्राय śakrā́ya	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ
Ablative	शक्रात् śakrā́t	शक्राभ्याम् śakrā́bhyām	शक्रेभ्यः śakrébhyaḥ
Genitive	शक्रस्य śakrásya	शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ	शक्राणाम् śakrā́ṇām
Locative	शक्रे śakré	शक्रयोः śakráyoḥ	शक्रेषु śakréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: sakka
• Prakrit: सक्क (sakka)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “शक्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1045.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “śakra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “शक्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “शक्र”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śakrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press