मह्
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- মহ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬳ᭄ (Balinese script)
- মহ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰮𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀳𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- မဟ် (Burmese script)
- મહ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਮਹ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑌹𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦲ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂯𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಮಹ್ (Kannada script)
- មហ៑ (Khmer script)
- ມຫ຺ (Lao script)
- മഹ് (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᠠᡥ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘮𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠠᠾ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧎𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐴𑑂 (Newa script)
- ମହ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢪꢲ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆲𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖮𑖿 (Siddham script)
- මහ් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑪂 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚩𑚶 (Takri script)
- மஹ் (Tamil script)
- మహ్ (Telugu script)
- มหฺ (Thai script)
- མ་ཧ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒯𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨱𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]मह् • (máh) stem
- (Rigvedic) great, strong, powerful, mighty, sublime
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.100.1:
- स यो वृषा वृष्ण्येभिः समोका महो दिवः पृथिव्याश्च सम्राट् । सतीनसत्वा हव्यो भरेषु मरुत्वान्नो भवत्विन्द्र ऊती ॥
- sa yo vṛṣā vṛṣṇyebhiḥ samokā maho divaḥ pṛthivyāśca samrāṭ. satīnasatvā havyo bhareṣu marutvānno bhavatvindra ūtī.
- May he who hath his home with strength, the Mighty, the King supreme of earth and spacious heaven, Lord of true power, to he invoked in battles, may Indra, girt by Maruts, be our succour.
- स यो वृषा वृष्ण्येभिः समोका महो दिवः पृथिव्याश्च सम्राट् । सतीनसत्वा हव्यो भरेषु मरुत्वान्नो भवत्विन्द्र ऊती ॥
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.70.9:
- उदू षु णो वसो महे मृशस्व शूर राधसे । उदू षु मह्यै मघवन्मघत्तय उदिन्द्र श्रवसे महे ॥
- udū ṣu ṇo vaso mahe mṛśasva śūra rādhase. udū ṣu mahyai maghavanmaghattaya udindra śravase mahe.
- O Vasu, O thou Hero, raise us up to ample opulence. Raise us to gain of mighty wealth, O Maghavan, O Indra, to sublime renown.
- उदू षु णो वसो महे मृशस्व शूर राधसे । उदू षु मह्यै मघवन्मघत्तय उदिन्द्र श्रवसे महे ॥
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.41.15:
- पदेपदे मे जरिमा नि धायि वरूत्री वा शक्रा या पायुभिश्च । सिषक्तु माता मही रसा नः स्मत्सूरिभिर्ऋजुहस्त ऋजुवनिः ॥
- padepade me jarimā ni dhāyi varūtrī vā śakrā yā pāyubhiśca. siṣaktu mātā mahī rasā naḥ smatsūribhirṛjuhasta ṛjuvaniḥ.
- Duly to each one hath my laud been offered. Strong be Varutri with her powers to succour. May the great Mother Rasā here befriend us, straight-handed, with the princes, striving forward.
- पदेपदे मे जरिमा नि धायि वरूत्री वा शक्रा या पायुभिश्च । सिषक्तु माता मही रसा नः स्मत्सूरिभिर्ऋजुहस्त ऋजुवनिः ॥
Declension
[edit]The declension is defective and is supplemented with forms from महत् (mahát) and मह (mahá).
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | महौ (máhau) महा¹ (máhā¹) |
महः (máhaḥ) |
| vocative | - | महौ (máhau) महा¹ (máhā¹) |
महः (máhaḥ) |
| accusative | महाम् (mahā́m) | महौ (máhau) महा¹ (máhā¹) |
महः (maháḥ) |
| instrumental | महा (mahā́) | - | - |
| dative | महे (mahé) | - | - |
| ablative | महः (maháḥ) | - | - |
| genitive | महः (maháḥ) | महोः (mahóḥ) | महाम् (mahā́m) |
| locative | महि (mahí) | महोः (mahóḥ) | - |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | - | महौ (máhau) महा¹ (máhā¹) |
महः (máhaḥ) |
| vocative | - | महौ (máhau) महा¹ (máhā¹) |
महः (máhaḥ) |
| accusative | - | महौ (máhau) महा¹ (máhā¹) |
महः (maháḥ) |
| instrumental | महा (mahā́) | - | - |
| dative | महे (mahé) | - | - |
| ablative | महः (maháḥ) | - | - |
| genitive | महः (maháḥ) | महोः (mahóḥ) | महाम् (mahā́m) |
| locative | महि (mahí) | महोः (mahóḥ) | - |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मही (mahī́) | मह्यौ (mahyaù) मही¹ (mahī́¹) |
मह्यः (mahyàḥ) महीः¹ (mahī́ḥ¹) |
| vocative | महि (máhi) | मह्यौ (máhyau) मही¹ (máhī¹) |
मह्यः (máhyaḥ) महीः¹ (máhīḥ¹) |
| accusative | महीम् (mahī́m) | मह्यौ (mahyaù) मही¹ (mahī́¹) |
महीः (mahī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | मह्या (mahyā́) | महीभ्याम् (mahī́bhyām) | महीभिः (mahī́bhiḥ) |
| dative | मह्यै (mahyaí) | महीभ्याम् (mahī́bhyām) | महीभ्यः (mahī́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मह्याः (mahyā́ḥ) मह्यै² (mahyaí²) |
महीभ्याम् (mahī́bhyām) | महीभ्यः (mahī́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मह्याः (mahyā́ḥ) मह्यै² (mahyaí²) |
मह्योः (mahyóḥ) | महीनाम् (mahī́nām) |
| locative | मह्याम् (mahyā́m) | मह्योः (mahyóḥ) | महीषु (mahī́ṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | महि (máhi) | मही (mahī́) | - |
| vocative | महि (máhi) | मही (máhī) | - |
| accusative | महि (máhi) | मही (mahī́) | महः (maháḥ) |
| instrumental | महा (mahā́) | - | - |
| dative | महे (mahé) | - | - |
| ablative | महः (maháḥ) | - | - |
| genitive | महः (maháḥ) | महोः (mahóḥ) | महाम् (mahā́m) |
| locative | महि (mahí) | महोः (mahóḥ) | - |
Root
[edit]मह् • (mah)
- to elate; gladden; exalt; arouse; excite
- to magnify; esteem highly; honour; revere
- to rejoice; delight in (with instrumental or accusative cases)
- to give; bestow
Derived terms
[edit]- Verbal derivations:
- महति (mahati, class 1, active voice, present), महते (mahate, class 1, middle voice, present)
- महयति (mahayati, class 10, active voice, present), महयते (mahayate, class 10, middle voice, present)
- मह्यते (mahyate, passive voice, present)
- महिष्यति (mahiṣyati, active voice, future)
- महित्वा (mahitvā, gerund)
- मह (mahá)
- महत् (mahát)
- महन् (mahán)
- महस् (máhas)
- महनीय (mahanīya)
- महित (mahita)
- महिष (mahiṣá)
- मह्य (mahya)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “मह्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 794, column 1.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “mah”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “मह्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1246
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “मह्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 220
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “mahā́nt-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 337-9
- Wackernagel, Jakob (1896-1964) Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, section 138, pages 251-2