प्राचीन
Appearance
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्राचीन (prācī́na) (with the sense "old" from Classical Sanskrit).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]प्राचीन • (prācīn) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پراچین) (formal)
- ancient, old
- 2018, Dr. Nirmal Kumar Patni, जन्मांग संशोधन, संश्लेषण, गूढ़, आध्यात्म ज्योतिष, Titiksha, page 134:
- अति प्राचीन काल मे भारत मे द्रविड़ साम्राज्य था, जिस समय आर्य संस्कृति भारत मे व्याप नही हो सकी थी, उस समय दक्षिण मे द्रविड़ सभ्यता अपने चरम पर थी। द्रविड़ शिवभक्त और लिंगपूजक थे।
- ati prācīn kāl me bhārat me draviṛ sāmrājya thā, jis samay ārya sanskŕti bhārat me vyāp nahī ho sakī thī, us samay dakṣiṇ me draviṛ sabhyatā apne caram par thī. draviṛ śivbhakt aur liṅgpūjak the.
- In very ancient times, in India, there was the Dravidian empire. At the time Aryan culture was not prevalant in India, the Dravidian civilisation was at its peak in the south. The Dravidians were devotees of Śiva and phallus-worshippers.
- facing the east, eastward, eastern
- Synonym: पूर्वीय (pūrvīya)
Further reading
[edit]- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “प्राचीन”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 3219
- Platts, John T. (1884) “प्राचीन”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 235
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “प्राचीन”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 668
- “प्राचीन”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- প্ৰাচীন (Assamese script)
- ᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬘᬷᬦ (Balinese script)
- প্রাচীন (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰓𑰱𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀘𑀻𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- ပြာစီန (Burmese script)
- પ્રાચીન (Gujarati script)
- ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌚𑍀𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦿꦴꦕꦷꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂒𑂲𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ (Kannada script)
- ប្រាចីន (Khmer script)
- ປ຺ຣາຈີນ (Lao script)
- പ്രാചീന (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᢜᡳᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘓𑘲𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠷᠠᢗᢋᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧠𑧈𑧑𑦳𑧓𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐔𑐷𑐣 (Newa script)
- ପ୍ରାଚୀନ (Odia script)
- ꢦ꣄ꢬꢵꢗꢷꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆖𑆵𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖓𑖱𑖡 (Siddham script)
- ප්රාචීන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩡𑩑𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚏𑚯𑚝 (Takri script)
- ப்ராசீந (Tamil script)
- ప్రాచీన (Telugu script)
- ปฺราจีน (Thai script)
- པྲཱ་ཙཱི་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒔𑒲𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨣𑨁𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From प्राञ्च् (prāñc) + -ईन (-īna).
Adjective
[edit]प्राचीन • (prācī́na) stem
- facing the east, eastward, eastern
- facing the front (east as the direction in one's front while praying)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.7.3:
- प्राचीनो यज्ञः सुधितं हि बर्हिः प्रीणीते अग्निरीळितो न होता। आ मातरा विश्ववारे हुवानो यतो यविष्ठ जज्ञिषे सुशेवः॥
- prācīno yajñaḥ sudhitaṃ hi barhiḥ prīṇīte agnirīḷito na hotā. ā mātarā viśvavāre huvāno yato yaviṣṭha jajñiṣe suśevaḥ.
- In front is the sacrifice, well-placed is the sacred grass, pleased is Agni; one prayed, thou art like a priest of the call, calling to the two mothers in whom are all desirable things, whence thou art born most young and blissful.
- प्राचीनो यज्ञः सुधितं हि बर्हिः प्रीणीते अग्निरीळितो न होता। आ मातरा विश्ववारे हुवानो यतो यविष्ठ जज्ञिषे सुशेवः॥
- facing the front (east as the direction in one's front while praying)
- (Classical Sanskrit) old, ancient
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of प्राचीन (prācī́na) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | प्राचीनः prācī́naḥ |
प्राचीनौ / प्राचीना¹ prācī́nau / prācī́nā¹ |
प्राचीनाः / प्राचीनासः¹ prācī́nāḥ / prācī́nāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | प्राचीन prā́cīna |
प्राचीनौ / प्राचीना¹ prā́cīnau / prā́cīnā¹ |
प्राचीनाः / प्राचीनासः¹ prā́cīnāḥ / prā́cīnāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | प्राचीनम् prācī́nam |
प्राचीनौ / प्राचीना¹ prācī́nau / prācī́nā¹ |
प्राचीनान् prācī́nān |
Instrumental | प्राचीनेन prācī́nena |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācī́nābhyām |
प्राचीनैः / प्राचीनेभिः¹ prācī́naiḥ / prācī́nebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | प्राचीनाय prācī́nāya |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācī́nābhyām |
प्राचीनेभ्यः prācī́nebhyaḥ |
Ablative | प्राचीनात् prācī́nāt |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācī́nābhyām |
प्राचीनेभ्यः prācī́nebhyaḥ |
Genitive | प्राचीनस्य prācī́nasya |
प्राचीनयोः prācī́nayoḥ |
प्राचीनानाम् prācī́nānām |
Locative | प्राचीने prācī́ne |
प्राचीनयोः prācī́nayoḥ |
प्राचीनेषु prācī́neṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of प्राचीना (prācī́nā) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | प्राचीना prācī́nā |
प्राचीने prācī́ne |
प्राचीनाः prācī́nāḥ |
Vocative | प्राचीने prā́cīne |
प्राचीने prā́cīne |
प्राचीनाः prā́cīnāḥ |
Accusative | प्राचीनाम् prācī́nām |
प्राचीने prācī́ne |
प्राचीनाः prācī́nāḥ |
Instrumental | प्राचीनया / प्राचीना¹ prācī́nayā / prācī́nā¹ |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācī́nābhyām |
प्राचीनाभिः prācī́nābhiḥ |
Dative | प्राचीनायै prācī́nāyai |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācī́nābhyām |
प्राचीनाभ्यः prācī́nābhyaḥ |
Ablative | प्राचीनायाः / प्राचीनायै² prācī́nāyāḥ / prācī́nāyai² |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācī́nābhyām |
प्राचीनाभ्यः prācī́nābhyaḥ |
Genitive | प्राचीनायाः / प्राचीनायै² prācī́nāyāḥ / prācī́nāyai² |
प्राचीनयोः prācī́nayoḥ |
प्राचीनानाम् prācī́nānām |
Locative | प्राचीनायाम् prācī́nāyām |
प्राचीनयोः prācī́nayoḥ |
प्राचीनासु prācī́nāsu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of प्राचीन (prācī́na) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | प्राचीनम् prācī́nam |
प्राचीने prācī́ne |
प्राचीनानि / प्राचीना¹ prācī́nāni / prācī́nā¹ |
Vocative | प्राचीन prā́cīna |
प्राचीने prā́cīne |
प्राचीनानि / प्राचीना¹ prā́cīnāni / prā́cīnā¹ |
Accusative | प्राचीनम् prācī́nam |
प्राचीने prācī́ne |
प्राचीनानि / प्राचीना¹ prācī́nāni / prācī́nā¹ |
Instrumental | प्राचीनेन prācī́nena |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācī́nābhyām |
प्राचीनैः / प्राचीनेभिः¹ prācī́naiḥ / prācī́nebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | प्राचीनाय prācī́nāya |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācī́nābhyām |
प्राचीनेभ्यः prācī́nebhyaḥ |
Ablative | प्राचीनात् prācī́nāt |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācī́nābhyām |
प्राचीनेभ्यः prācī́nebhyaḥ |
Genitive | प्राचीनस्य prācī́nasya |
प्राचीनयोः prācī́nayoḥ |
प्राचीनानाम् prācī́nānām |
Locative | प्राचीने prācī́ne |
प्राचीनयोः prācī́nayoḥ |
प्राचीनेषु prācī́neṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Pali: pācīna
- Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀈𑀡 (pāīṇa), 𑀧𑀸𑀇𑀡 (pāiṇa)
- → Assamese: প্ৰাচীন (prasin)
- → Bengali: প্রাচীন (pracin)
- → Gujarati: પ્રાચીન (prācīn)
- → Hindustani: prācīn
- → Marathi: प्राचीन (prācīn)
- → Nepali: प्राचीन (prācīna), प्राचीन् (prācīn)
- → Odia: ପ୍ରାଚୀନ (prācina)
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]प्राचीन • (prācīna) stem, m or n
- (Classical Sanskrit) alternative form of प्राचीर (prācīra, “wall, enclosure”)
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of प्राचीन (prācīna) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | प्राचीनः prācīnaḥ |
प्राचीनौ / प्राचीना¹ prācīnau / prācīnā¹ |
प्राचीनाः / प्राचीनासः¹ prācīnāḥ / prācīnāsaḥ¹ |
Vocative | प्राचीन prācīna |
प्राचीनौ / प्राचीना¹ prācīnau / prācīnā¹ |
प्राचीनाः / प्राचीनासः¹ prācīnāḥ / prācīnāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | प्राचीनम् prācīnam |
प्राचीनौ / प्राचीना¹ prācīnau / prācīnā¹ |
प्राचीनान् prācīnān |
Instrumental | प्राचीनेन prācīnena |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācīnābhyām |
प्राचीनैः / प्राचीनेभिः¹ prācīnaiḥ / prācīnebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | प्राचीनाय prācīnāya |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācīnābhyām |
प्राचीनेभ्यः prācīnebhyaḥ |
Ablative | प्राचीनात् prācīnāt |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācīnābhyām |
प्राचीनेभ्यः prācīnebhyaḥ |
Genitive | प्राचीनस्य prācīnasya |
प्राचीनयोः prācīnayoḥ |
प्राचीनानाम् prācīnānām |
Locative | प्राचीने prācīne |
प्राचीनयोः prācīnayoḥ |
प्राचीनेषु prācīneṣu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of प्राचीन (prācīna) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | प्राचीनम् prācīnam |
प्राचीने prācīne |
प्राचीनानि / प्राचीना¹ prācīnāni / prācīnā¹ |
Vocative | प्राचीन prācīna |
प्राचीने prācīne |
प्राचीनानि / प्राचीना¹ prācīnāni / prācīnā¹ |
Accusative | प्राचीनम् prācīnam |
प्राचीने prācīne |
प्राचीनानि / प्राचीना¹ prācīnāni / prācīnā¹ |
Instrumental | प्राचीनेन prācīnena |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācīnābhyām |
प्राचीनैः / प्राचीनेभिः¹ prācīnaiḥ / prācīnebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | प्राचीनाय prācīnāya |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācīnābhyām |
प्राचीनेभ्यः prācīnebhyaḥ |
Ablative | प्राचीनात् prācīnāt |
प्राचीनाभ्याम् prācīnābhyām |
प्राचीनेभ्यः prācīnebhyaḥ |
Genitive | प्राचीनस्य prācīnasya |
प्राचीनयोः prācīnayoḥ |
प्राचीनानाम् prācīnānām |
Locative | प्राचीने prācīne |
प्राचीनयोः prācīnayoḥ |
प्राचीनेषु prācīneṣu |
Notes |
|
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “प्राचीन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 704.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “prācīna”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “प्राचीन”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1126
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “प्राचीन”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 184
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “prācīˊna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 500
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Sanskrit root अञ्च्
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enk-
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms borrowed from Classical Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Classical Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Classical Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi adjectives
- Hindi indeclinable adjectives
- Hindi formal terms
- Hindi terms with quotations
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root अञ्च्
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enk-
- Sanskrit terms suffixed with -ईन
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Classical Sanskrit
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- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit nouns with multiple genders
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns