पुरस्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পুৰস্ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬸᬭᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
• পুরস্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰲𑰨𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ပုရသ် (Burmese script)
• પુરસ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਪੁਰਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑍁𑌰𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦸꦫꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಪುರಸ್ (Kannada script)
• បុរស៑ (Khmer script)
• ປຸຣສ຺ (Lao script)
• പുരസ് (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᡠᡵᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠤᠷᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧔𑧈𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐸𑐬𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
• ପୁରସ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢸꢬꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆶𑆫𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖲𑖨𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
• පුරස් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩒𑩼𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚰𑚤𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
• புரஸ் (Tamil script)
• పురస్ (Telugu script)
• ปุรสฺ (Thai script)
• པུ་ར་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒳𑒩𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨃𑨫𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hás (“before, in front”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-ós, from *preh₂- (“before, in front”). Cognate with Latin prae (“before, in front of”) prior, Ancient Greek πάρος (páros), Proto-Slavic *pьrvъ, and English first and fore.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pu.ɾɐ́s/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pu.ɾɐs̪/

Adverb

पुरस् • (purás)

1. in front
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.31.11:

     सूर॑श्चि॒द्रथं॒ परि॑तक्म्यायां॒ पूर्वं॑ कर॒दुप॑रं जूजु॒वांस॑म्।
     भर॑च्च॒क्रमेत॑शः॒ सं रि॑णाति पु॒रो दध॑त्सनिष्यति॒ क्रतुं॑ नः॥

     sū́raścidráthaṃ páritakmyāyāṃ pū́rvaṃ karadúparaṃ jūjuvā́ṃsam.
     bháraccakrámétaśaḥ sáṃ riṇāti puró dádhatsaniṣyati krátuṃ naḥ.

     He, Indra, has formerly arrested in battle the rapid chariot of the sun; Etaśa has born away the wheel, and with it Indra demolishes his foes; may he, giving us precedence, be propitiated by our rite.

2. before
3. towards or from the east

Preposition

पुरस् • (purás)

1. before, in advance, forward
2. (with genitive, locative or accusative) in the presence of, before the eyes
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Derived terms

• पुरःसद् (puraḥsád, “sitting in front, presiding”)
• पुरःस्थात्रि (puraḥsthātri, “standing at the head, a leader”)
• पुरःस्थित (puraḥsthita, “impending, imminent”)
• पुरतस् (puratas, “before, in front of”)
• पुरस्कार (puraskāra, “placing at front; preference; reward”)
• पुरस्तात् (purástāt)
• पुरोहित (puróhita, “placed in front, commissioned, appointed”)

Related terms

• पुरा (purā́)
• पुराण (purāṇá)
• पूर्व (pū́rva)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit:
  • Maharastri Prakrit:
    • Konkani: फुडे (phuḍe)
    • Old Marathi: पुढां (puḍhāṃ) ? (or from प्रथम (prathama))
      • Marathi: पुढे (puḍhe)
• Pali: pure

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पुरस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 634, column 2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 146-147
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “purás”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press