ध्रुव

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ধ্ৰুৱ (Assamese script)
• ᬥ᭄ᬭᬸᬯ (Balinese script)
• ধ্রুব (Bengali script)
• 𑰠𑰿𑰨𑰲𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀥𑁆𑀭𑀼𑀯 (Brahmi script)
• ဓြုဝ (Burmese script)
• ધ્રુવ (Gujarati script)
• ਧ੍ਰੁਵ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌧𑍍𑌰𑍁𑌵 (Grantha script)
• ꦣꦿꦸꦮ (Javanese script)
• 𑂡𑂹𑂩𑂳𑂫 (Kaithi script)
• ಧ್ರುವ (Kannada script)
• ធ្រុវ (Khmer script)
• ຘ຺ຣຸວ (Lao script)
• ധ്രുവ (Malayalam script)
• ᢡᡵᡠᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘠𑘿𑘨𑘳𑘪 (Modi script)
• ᢑᠾᠷᠤᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧀𑧠𑧈𑧔𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐢𑑂𑐬𑐸𑐰 (Newa script)
• ଧ୍ରୁଵ (Odia script)
• ꢤ꣄ꢬꢸꢮ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆣𑇀𑆫𑆶𑆮 (Sharada script)
• 𑖠𑖿𑖨𑖲𑖪 (Siddham script)
• ධ්‍රුව (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩮 𑪙𑩼𑩒𑩾 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚜𑚶𑚤𑚰𑚦 (Takri script)
• த்⁴ருவ (Tamil script)
• ధ్రువ (Telugu script)
• ธฺรุว (Thai script)
• དྷྲུ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒡𑓂𑒩𑒳𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨜𑩇𑨫𑨃𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰruwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixed, firm, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰru-wó-s, from *dʰer-us ~ *dʰr-éws + *-wós, from *dʰer- (“to support, hold”) +‎ *-us. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua), Old Persian 𐎯𐎽𐎺 (duruva, “firm, certain”), Persian درست (dorost, “healthy”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dʱɾu.ʋɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d̪ʱɾu.ʋɐ/

Adjective

ध्रुव • (dhruvá) stem

1. fixed, immovable
2. firm, stable
3. certain, sure, wis

   मृतस्य जन्म ध्रुवम् ― mṛtasya janma dhruvam ― for the dead life (ie, reincarnation) is certain

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ध्रुव

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ध्रुवः (dhruváḥ)	ध्रुवौ (dhruvaú) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā́¹)	ध्रुवाः (dhruvā́ḥ) ध्रुवासः¹ (dhruvā́saḥ¹)
vocative	ध्रुव (dhrúva)	ध्रुवौ (dhrúvau) ध्रुवा¹ (dhrúvā¹)	ध्रुवाः (dhrúvāḥ) ध्रुवासः¹ (dhrúvāsaḥ¹)
accusative	ध्रुवम् (dhruvám)	ध्रुवौ (dhruvaú) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā́¹)	ध्रुवान् (dhruvā́n)
instrumental	ध्रुवेण (dhruvéṇa)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām)	ध्रुवैः (dhruvaíḥ) ध्रुवेभिः¹ (dhruvébhiḥ¹)
dative	ध्रुवाय (dhruvā́ya)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām)	ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvébhyaḥ)
ablative	ध्रुवात् (dhruvā́t)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām)	ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvébhyaḥ)
genitive	ध्रुवस्य (dhruvásya)	ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ)	ध्रुवाणाम् (dhruvā́ṇām)
locative	ध्रुवे (dhruvé)	ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ)	ध्रुवेषु (dhruvéṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of ध्रुवा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ध्रुवा (dhruvā́)	ध्रुवे (dhruvé)	ध्रुवाः (dhruvā́ḥ)
vocative	ध्रुवे (dhrúve)	ध्रुवे (dhrúve)	ध्रुवाः (dhrúvāḥ)
accusative	ध्रुवाम् (dhruvā́m)	ध्रुवे (dhruvé)	ध्रुवाः (dhruvā́ḥ)
instrumental	ध्रुवया (dhruváyā) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā́¹)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām)	ध्रुवाभिः (dhruvā́bhiḥ)
dative	ध्रुवायै (dhruvā́yai)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām)	ध्रुवाभ्यः (dhruvā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	ध्रुवायाः (dhruvā́yāḥ) ध्रुवायै² (dhruvā́yai²)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām)	ध्रुवाभ्यः (dhruvā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	ध्रुवायाः (dhruvā́yāḥ) ध्रुवायै² (dhruvā́yai²)	ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ)	ध्रुवाणाम् (dhruvā́ṇām)
locative	ध्रुवायाम् (dhruvā́yām)	ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ)	ध्रुवासु (dhruvā́su)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of ध्रुव

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ध्रुवम् (dhruvám)	ध्रुवे (dhruvé)	ध्रुवाणि (dhruvā́ṇi) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā́¹)
vocative	ध्रुव (dhrúva)	ध्रुवे (dhrúve)	ध्रुवाणि (dhrúvāṇi) ध्रुवा¹ (dhrúvā¹)
accusative	ध्रुवम् (dhruvám)	ध्रुवे (dhruvé)	ध्रुवाणि (dhruvā́ṇi) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā́¹)
instrumental	ध्रुवेण (dhruvéṇa)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām)	ध्रुवैः (dhruvaíḥ) ध्रुवेभिः¹ (dhruvébhiḥ¹)
dative	ध्रुवाय (dhruvā́ya)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām)	ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvébhyaḥ)
ablative	ध्रुवात् (dhruvā́t)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvā́bhyām)	ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvébhyaḥ)
genitive	ध्रुवस्य (dhruvásya)	ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ)	ध्रुवाणाम् (dhruvā́ṇām)
locative	ध्रुवे (dhruvé)	ध्रुवयोः (dhruváyoḥ)	ध्रुवेषु (dhruvéṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• → Assamese: ধ্ৰুব (dhrubo)
• → Bengali: ধ্রুব (dhrub)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀯 (dhuva)
  • Marathi: ध्रुव (dhruv)
• Pali: dhuva
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀯 (dhuva)
  • Hindi: धुव (dhuv), धू (dhū) (obsolete)
• Odia: ଧ୍ରୁବ (dhruba), ଧୁରୁବ (dhuruba)
• → Tamil: துருவம் (turuvam), துவம் (tuvam)
• → Telugu: ధ్రువము (dhruvamu)

Noun

ध्रुव • (dhruvá) stem, m

1. the celestial pole, the axis mundi
2. a knot

Derived terms

• ध्रुवक्षेम (dhruvakṣema, “firmly fixed, immovable”)
• ध्रुवगति (dhruvagati, “a firm position”)
• ध्रुववक (dhruvavaka, “the unchangeable longitude of fixed stars”)
• ध्रौव्य (dhrauvya, “fixedness, firmness”)

Descendants

• → English: Dhruva

Proper noun

ध्रुव • (dhruva) stem, m

1. the star Polaris

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ध्रुव

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ध्रुवः (dhruvaḥ)	ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā¹)	ध्रुवाः (dhruvāḥ) ध्रुवासः¹ (dhruvāsaḥ¹)
vocative	ध्रुव (dhruva)	ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā¹)	ध्रुवाः (dhruvāḥ) ध्रुवासः¹ (dhruvāsaḥ¹)
accusative	ध्रुवम् (dhruvam)	ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) ध्रुवा¹ (dhruvā¹)	ध्रुवान् (dhruvān)
instrumental	ध्रुवेण (dhruveṇa)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām)	ध्रुवैः (dhruvaiḥ) ध्रुवेभिः¹ (dhruvebhiḥ¹)
dative	ध्रुवाय (dhruvāya)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām)	ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvebhyaḥ)
ablative	ध्रुवात् (dhruvāt)	ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dhruvābhyām)	ध्रुवेभ्यः (dhruvebhyaḥ)
genitive	ध्रुवस्य (dhruvasya)	ध्रुवयोः (dhruvayoḥ)	ध्रुवाणाम् (dhruvāṇām)
locative	ध्रुवे (dhruve)	ध्रुवयोः (dhruvayoḥ)	ध्रुवेषु (dhruveṣu)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ध्रुव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 521-522.