दृति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• দৃতি (Assamese script)
• ᬤᬺᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• দৃতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰟𑰴𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀤𑀾𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဒၖတိ (Burmese script)
• દૃતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਦ੍ਰਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌦𑍃𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦢꦽꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂠𑃂𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ದೃತಿ (Kannada script)
• ទ្ឫតិ (Khmer script)
• ທ຺ຣິຕິ (Lao script)
• ദൃതി (Malayalam script)
• ᡩᡵᡳᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘟𑘵𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᢑᠷᠢᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦿𑧖𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐡𑐺𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଦୃତି (Odia script)
• ꢣꢺꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆢𑆸𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖟𑖴𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• දෘති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩭𑩙𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚛𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• த்³ரிதி (Tamil script)
• దృతి (Telugu script)
• ทฺฤติ (Thai script)
• དྲྀ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒠𑒵𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨛𑨼𑨉𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dér-ti-s ~ *dr̥-téy-s, from *der- (“to tear, to skin”). Distantly related to Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma, “skin”); more closely to Ancient Greek δάρσις (dársis), Proto-Germanic *turþiz.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dŕ̩.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪r̩.t̪i/

Noun

दृति • (dṛ́ti) stem, m

1. waterskin (a leather bag for holding liquids)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.45.1:

     ए॒ष स्य भा॒नुर् उद् इ॑यर्ति यु॒ज्यते॒ रथः॒ परि॑ज्मा दि॒वो अ॒स्य सान॑वि ।
     पृ॒क्षासो॑ अस्मिन् मिथु॒ना अधि॒ त्रयो॒ दृति॑स् तु॒रीयो॒ मधु॑नो॒ वि र॑प्शते ॥

     eṣá syá bhānúr úd iyarti yujyáte ráthaḥ párijmā divó asyá sā́navi.
     pṛkṣā́so asmin mithunā́ ádhi tráyo dṛ́tis turī́yo mádhuno ví rapśate.

     Yonder goes up that light: your chariot is yoked that travels round upon the summit of this heaven.
     Within this car are stored three kindred shares of food, and a skin-bag filled with mead is rustling as the fourth.

2. bellows (a leather device used for blowing air into a fire)
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.18.3:

     अ॒दो यत् ते॑ हृ॒दि श्रि॒तं म॑न॒स्कं प॑तयिष्णु॒कम् ।
     तत॑स् त ई॒र्ष्यां मु॑ञ्चामि॒ निर् ऊ॒ष्माणं॒ दृते॑र् इव ॥

     adó yát te hṛdí śritáṃ manaskáṃ patayiṣṇukám.
     tátas ta īrṣyā́ṃ muñcāmi nír ūṣmā́ṇaṃ dṛ́ter iva.

     The thought that harbours in your heart, the fluttering doubt that dwells therein.
     Yea, all your jealousy, like hot air from the bellows, I release thence.

Declension

Masculine i-stem declension of दृति (dṛ́ti)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	दृतिः dṛ́tiḥ	दृती dṛ́tī	दृतयः dṛ́tayaḥ
Vocative	दृते dṛ́te	दृती dṛ́tī	दृतयः dṛ́tayaḥ
Accusative	दृतिम् dṛ́tim	दृती dṛ́tī	दृतीन् dṛ́tīn
Instrumental	दृतिना / दृत्या¹ dṛ́tinā / dṛ́tyā¹	दृतिभ्याम् dṛ́tibhyām	दृतिभिः dṛ́tibhiḥ
Dative	दृतये dṛ́taye	दृतिभ्याम् dṛ́tibhyām	दृतिभ्यः dṛ́tibhyaḥ
Ablative	दृतेः / दृत्यः¹ dṛ́teḥ / dṛ́tyaḥ¹	दृतिभ्याम् dṛ́tibhyām	दृतिभ्यः dṛ́tibhyaḥ
Genitive	दृतेः / दृत्यः¹ dṛ́teḥ / dṛ́tyaḥ¹	दृत्योः dṛ́tyoḥ	दृतीनाम् dṛ́tīnām
Locative	दृतौ / दृता¹ dṛ́tau / dṛ́tā¹	दृत्योः dṛ́tyoḥ	दृतिषु dṛ́tiṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀤𑀇 (daï), 𑀤𑀺𑀇 (dii)
  • Old Gujarati: दइडउ (daïḍaü, “leather ball”) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))
    • Gujarati: દેડો (deḍo)
• Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀤𑀺𑀢𑀺 (*diti)
  • → Proto-South Dravidian I: *titi (“bellows”)
    • Kannada: ತಿದಿ (tidi, “bellows”)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “दृति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 491.