तोरण

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

তোৰণ (Assamese script)
ᬢᭀᬭᬡ (Balinese script)
তোরণ (Bengali script)
𑰝𑰺𑰨𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀢𑁄𑀭𑀡 (Brahmi script)
တောရဏ (Burmese script)
તોરણ (Gujarati script)
ਤੋਰਣ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌤𑍋𑌰𑌣 (Grantha script)
ꦠꦺꦴꦫꦟ (Javanese script)
𑂞𑂷𑂩𑂝 (Kaithi script)
ತೋರಣ (Kannada script)
តោរណ (Khmer script)
ໂຕຣຓ (Lao script)
തോരണ (Malayalam script)
ᢠᠣᡵᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘝𑘻𑘨𑘜 (Modi script)
ᢐᠣᠸᠠᠷᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦽𑧜𑧈𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
𑐟𑑀𑐬𑐞 (Newa script)
ତୋରଣ (Odia script)
ꢡꣂꢬꢠ (Saurashtra script)
𑆠𑆾𑆫𑆟 (Sharada script)
𑖝𑖺𑖨𑖜 (Siddham script)
තොරණ (Sinhalese script)
𑩫𑩕𑩼𑩪 (Soyombo script)
𑚙𑚴𑚤𑚘 (Takri script)
தோரண (Tamil script)
తోరణ (Telugu script)
โตรณ (Thai script)
ཏོ་ར་ཎ (Tibetan script)
𑒞𑒼𑒩𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
𑨙𑨆𑨫𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably related to प्रतोली (pratolī, “a broad way, principal road”), with further origin unclear.

Kölver derives the word from an unattested *अतिवलन (ativalana), from वल् (val, “to turn round”), from which a pseudo-root *तोल् (tol) / *तुल् (tul) was presumably extracted and used to build तोरण, as well as तोलिका (tolikā, “a wall around a watchtower”) and प्रतोली.

Probably not related to the Mediterranean Kulturworts Ancient Greek τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”) and Latin turris (“tower”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /tɐw.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪oː.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/

Noun

तोरण • (toraṇa) stem, n

(architecture) a torana; an arch, arched doorway, portal, festooned decorations over doorways (with boughs of trees, garlands, etc.)
a mound near a bathing place
a triangle supporting a large balance
the neck

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of तोरण (toraṇa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तोरणम् toraṇam	तोरणे toraṇe	तोरणानि / तोरणा¹ toraṇāni / toraṇā¹
Vocative	तोरण toraṇa	तोरणे toraṇe	तोरणानि / तोरणा¹ toraṇāni / toraṇā¹
Accusative	तोरणम् toraṇam	तोरणे toraṇe	तोरणानि / तोरणा¹ toraṇāni / toraṇā¹
Instrumental	तोरणेन toraṇena	तोरणाभ्याम् toraṇābhyām	तोरणैः / तोरणेभिः¹ toraṇaiḥ / toraṇebhiḥ¹
Dative	तोरणाय toraṇāya	तोरणाभ्याम् toraṇābhyām	तोरणेभ्यः toraṇebhyaḥ
Ablative	तोरणात् toraṇāt	तोरणाभ्याम् toraṇābhyām	तोरणेभ्यः toraṇebhyaḥ
Genitive	तोरणस्य toraṇasya	तोरणयोः toraṇayoḥ	तोरणानाम् toraṇānām
Locative	तोरणे toraṇe	तोरणयोः toraṇayoḥ	तोरणेषु toraṇeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Proper noun

तोरण • (toraṇa) m

a name for Shiva

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of तोरण (toraṇa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तोरणः toraṇaḥ	तोरणौ / तोरणा¹ toraṇau / toraṇā¹	तोरणाः / तोरणासः¹ toraṇāḥ / toraṇāsaḥ¹
Vocative	तोरण toraṇa	तोरणौ / तोरणा¹ toraṇau / toraṇā¹	तोरणाः / तोरणासः¹ toraṇāḥ / toraṇāsaḥ¹
Accusative	तोरणम् toraṇam	तोरणौ / तोरणा¹ toraṇau / toraṇā¹	तोरणान् toraṇān
Instrumental	तोरणेन toraṇena	तोरणाभ्याम् toraṇābhyām	तोरणैः / तोरणेभिः¹ toraṇaiḥ / toraṇebhiḥ¹
Dative	तोरणाय toraṇāya	तोरणाभ्याम् toraṇābhyām	तोरणेभ्यः toraṇebhyaḥ
Ablative	तोरणात् toraṇāt	तोरणाभ्याम् toraṇābhyām	तोरणेभ्यः toraṇebhyaḥ
Genitive	तोरणस्य toraṇasya	तोरणयोः toraṇayoḥ	तोरणानाम् toraṇānām
Locative	तोरणे toraṇe	तोरणयोः toraṇayoḥ	तोरणेषु toraṇeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

→ Catalan: tòrana
→ English: toran
→ German: Torana
→ Korean: 토라나 (torana)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “तोरण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 456/1.
Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “toraṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 254-5
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 528