तुम

See also: तिमि and तिमी

Garhwali

Etymology

From Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān). Cognates include Hindi तुम (tum) and Gujarati તમે (tame).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtʊm/

Pronoun

तुम (tum)

1. ye, you (plural)

References

• Anoop Chandra Chandola (1966) A Synthatic Sketch of Garhwali, University of Chicago press (PhD thesis), page 43

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि (tumhi), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, “you”, acc. pl.) adopting the initial sounds of त्वम् (tvám, “you”, nom. sg.).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /t̪ʊm/, [t̪ʊ̃m]

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

तुम • (tum) (Urdu spelling تم)

1. you, ye (mid-level formality and grammatically plural)

Usage notes

• तुम (tum) is the mid level formal way of expressing "you" in Hindi and is used when addressing those of equal social status or those one has a close enough relationship with to justify the reduced formality. Because the less formal forms could offend others, आप (āp) is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
• Because तुम (tum) is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term तुम लोग (tum log) (literally: you people) or तुम सब (tum sab) (literally: you all) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to.

Declension

Pronoun declension of तुम

direct	तुम tum
indirect	तुम tum
ergative	तुमने tumne
genitive	तुम्हारा tumhārā
dative	तुम्हें, तुमको tumhẽ, tumko
instrumental/ablative	तुमसे tumse
inessive	तुममें tummẽ
adessive	तुमपे, तुमपर tumpe, tumpar
terminative	तुमतक tumtak
semblative	तुमसा tumsā

See also

• आप (āp) (highest formality, grammatically plural)
• तू (tū) (least formality, grammatically singular)