जोष्टृ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

জোষ্টৃ (Assamese script)
ᬚᭀᬱ᭄ᬝᬺ (Balinese script)
জোষ্টৃ (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰺𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑁄𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀾 (Brahmi script)
ဇောၑ္ဋၖ (Burmese script)
જોષ્ટૃ (Gujarati script)
ਜੋਸ਼੍ਟ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌜𑍋𑌷𑍍𑌟𑍃 (Grantha script)
ꦗꦺꦴꦰ꧀ꦛꦽ (Javanese script)
𑂔𑂷𑂭𑂹𑂗𑃂 (Kaithi script)
ಜೋಷ್ಟೃ (Kannada script)
ជោឞ្ដ្ឫ (Khmer script)
ໂຊຩ຺ຏ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
ജോഷ്ടൃ (Malayalam script)
ᡯᠣᢢᢞᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘕𑘻𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘵 (Modi script)
ᠽᠣᠸᠠᢔᢌᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦵𑧜𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑑀𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐺 (Newa script)
ଜୋଷ୍ଟୃ (Odia script)
ꢙꣂꢰ꣄ꢜꢺ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆾𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆸 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖺𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖴 (Siddham script)
ජොෂ‍්ටෘ (Sinhalese script)
𑩣𑩕𑪀 𑪙𑩦𑩙 (Soyombo script)
𑚑𑚴𑚶𑚔 (Takri script)
ஜோஷ்ட்ரி (Tamil script)
జోష్టృ (Telugu script)
โชษฺฏฺฤ (Thai script)
ཛོ་ཥྚྲྀ (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒼𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
𑨥𑨆𑨯𑩇𑨔𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́ (“one who loves”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és. Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎼 (d-u-š-t-r /⁠dauštar⁠/, “friend; lover of”) (𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /⁠dauštā⁠/, nom. sg.)), whence Persian (dōst, “friend”).

Monier-Williams, Lubotsky and Mayrhofer consider this term to be an adjective-participle meaning "loving, cherishing".^[1]^[2]^[3] However, Vedic does not clearly distinguish between nouns and some adjectives and some participles. Moreover, this term appears in RV 4.41.9.2 where it isn't applied (as an adjective) to any noun, but is attached to the genitive of the noun वसु (vasu, “treasure”) to convey "lover of treasure". This shows that the word has been employed purely as a noun in at least one instance.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ́wʂ.ʈr̩/, /d͡ʑɐwʂ.ʈŕ̩/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑoːʂ.ʈr̩/

Noun

जोष्टृ • (joṣṭṛ́ or jóṣṭṛ) stem, m (feminine जोष्ट्री)

lover of, one who is desirous of (with the genitive of the object); one who loves or cherishes
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.41.9:
  इ॒मा इन्द्रं॒ वरु॑णं मे मनी॒षा अग्म॒न्न् उप॒ द्रवि॑णम् इ॒च्छमा॑नाः ।
  उपे॑म् अस्थुर् जो॒ष्टार॑ इव॒ वस्वो॑ र॒घ्वीर् इ॑व॒ श्रव॑सो॒ भिक्ष॑माणाः ॥
  imā́ índraṃ váruṇaṃ me manīṣā́ ágmann úpa dráviṇam icchámānāḥ.
  úpem asthur joṣṭā́ra iva vásvo raghvī́r iva śrávaso bhíkṣamāṇāḥ.
  These thoughts of mine, desirous of gaining wealth, have proceeded to Indra and to Varuṇa.
  They have come near you as lovers of treasure, like mares, fleet-footed, eager for the glory.

Declension

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of जोष्टृ (joṣṭṛ́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जोष्टा joṣṭā́	जोष्टारौ / जोष्टारा¹ joṣṭā́rau / joṣṭā́rā¹	जोष्टारः joṣṭā́raḥ
Vocative	जोष्टः jóṣṭaḥ	जोष्टारौ / जोष्टारा¹ jóṣṭārau / jóṣṭārā¹	जोष्टारः jóṣṭāraḥ
Accusative	जोष्टारम् joṣṭā́ram	जोष्टारौ / जोष्टारा¹ joṣṭā́rau / joṣṭā́rā¹	जोष्टॄन् joṣṭṝ́n
Instrumental	जोष्ट्रा joṣṭrā́	जोष्टृभ्याम् joṣṭṛ́bhyām	जोष्टृभिः joṣṭṛ́bhiḥ
Dative	जोष्ट्रे joṣṭré	जोष्टृभ्याम् joṣṭṛ́bhyām	जोष्टृभ्यः joṣṭṛ́bhyaḥ
Ablative	जोष्टुः joṣṭúḥ	जोष्टृभ्याम् joṣṭṛ́bhyām	जोष्टृभ्यः joṣṭṛ́bhyaḥ
Genitive	जोष्टुः joṣṭúḥ	जोष्ट्रोः joṣṭróḥ	जोष्टॄणाम् joṣṭṝṇā́m
Locative	जोष्टरि joṣṭári	जोष्ट्रोः joṣṭróḥ	जोष्टृषु joṣṭṛ́ṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of जोष्टृ (jóṣṭṛ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जोष्टा jóṣṭā	जोष्टारौ / जोष्टारा¹ jóṣṭārau / jóṣṭārā¹	जोष्टारः jóṣṭāraḥ
Vocative	जोष्टः jóṣṭaḥ	जोष्टारौ / जोष्टारा¹ jóṣṭārau / jóṣṭārā¹	जोष्टारः jóṣṭāraḥ
Accusative	जोष्टारम् jóṣṭāram	जोष्टारौ / जोष्टारा¹ jóṣṭārau / jóṣṭārā¹	जोष्टॄन् jóṣṭṝn
Instrumental	जोष्ट्रा jóṣṭrā	जोष्टृभ्याम् jóṣṭṛbhyām	जोष्टृभिः jóṣṭṛbhiḥ
Dative	जोष्ट्रे jóṣṭre	जोष्टृभ्याम् jóṣṭṛbhyām	जोष्टृभ्यः jóṣṭṛbhyaḥ
Ablative	जोष्टुः jóṣṭuḥ	जोष्टृभ्याम् jóṣṭṛbhyām	जोष्टृभ्यः jóṣṭṛbhyaḥ
Genitive	जोष्टुः jóṣṭuḥ	जोष्ट्रोः jóṣṭroḥ	जोष्टॄणाम् jóṣṭṝṇām
Locative	जोष्टरि jóṣṭari	जोष्ट्रोः jóṣṭroḥ	जोष्टृषु jóṣṭṛṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Related terms

जोष (joṣa)
जुष्ट (juṣṭa)
जुष्टि (juṣṭi)

References

^ Monier Williams (1899) “जोष्टृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 425, column 2.
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “jos.-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “JOṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 599

[1] Monier Williams (1899) “जोष्टृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 425, column 2.

[2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “jos.-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[3] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “JOṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 599

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