चर्मन्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• চৰ্মন্ (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬃᬫᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
• চর্মন্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰨𑰿𑰦𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀭𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• စရ်္မန် (Burmese script)
• ચર્મન્ (Gujarati script)
• ਚਰ੍ਮਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌰𑍍𑌮𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦂꦩꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂩𑂹𑂧𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಚರ್ಮೝ (Kannada script)
• ចម៌ន៑ (Khmer script)
• ຈຣ຺ມນ຺ (Lao script)
• ചര്മന് (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠᡵᠮᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘨𑘿𑘦𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᠷᠮᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑧈𑧠𑧆𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐬𑑂𑐩𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଚର୍ମନ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢗꢬ꣄ꢪꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆫𑇀𑆩𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖨𑖿𑖦𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
• චර්‍මන් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩼 𑪙𑩴𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚤𑚶𑚢𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
• சர்மந் (Tamil script)
• చర్మౝ (Telugu script)
• จรฺมนฺ (Thai script)
• ཙ་རྨ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒩𑓂𑒧𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨫𑩇𑨢𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kérmn̥ (“skin, hide, pelt”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥 (car^əman), Old Persian 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴 (c-r-m-n /⁠carman⁠/) (whence Persian چرم (čarm)), Latin corium (“skin”), Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ́ɾ.mɐn/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐɾ.mɐn̪/

Noun

चर्मन् • (cárman) stem, n

1. skin
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.110.8.1:

     निश् चर्म॑ण ऋभवो॒ गाम॑पिंशत॒ सं व॒त्सेना॑सृजता मा॒तरं॒ पुनः॑ ।

     níś cármaṇa ṛbhavo gā́mapiṃśata sáṃ vatsénāsṛjatā mātáraṃ púnaḥ.

     Out of skin, O Ṛbhus, once ye formed a cow, and brought the mother close unto her calf again.

2. pelt

Declension

Neuter an-stem declension of चर्मन्

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	चर्म (cárma)	चर्मणी (cármaṇī)	चर्माणि (cármāṇi) चर्म¹ (cárma¹) चर्मा¹ (cármā¹)
vocative	चर्मन् (cárman) चर्म (cárma)	चर्मणी (cármaṇī)	चर्माणि (cármāṇi) चर्म¹ (cárma¹) चर्मा¹ (cármā¹)
accusative	चर्म (cárma)	चर्मणी (cármaṇī)	चर्माणि (cármāṇi) चर्म¹ (cárma¹) चर्मा¹ (cármā¹)
instrumental	चर्मणा (cármaṇā)	चर्मभ्याम् (cármabhyām)	चर्मभिः (cármabhiḥ)
dative	चर्मणे (cármaṇe)	चर्मभ्याम् (cármabhyām)	चर्मभ्यः (cármabhyaḥ)
ablative	चर्मणः (cármaṇaḥ)	चर्मभ्याम् (cármabhyām)	चर्मभ्यः (cármabhyaḥ)
genitive	चर्मणः (cármaṇaḥ)	चर्मणोः (cármaṇoḥ)	चर्मणाम् (cármaṇām)
locative	चर्मणि (cármaṇi) चर्मन्¹ (cárman¹)	चर्मणोः (cármaṇoḥ)	चर्मसु (cármasu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: ċam

    Arabic script: ژَم

    Devanagari script: च़म

  • Phalura:

    Latin script: čáam

    Arabic script: چام

  • Torwali: چم (čam)
• Pali: camma
  • → Khmer: ចម្ម (cam)
• Prakrit: 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (camma) (see there for further descendants)
• Bengali: চাম (cam)
• Bengali: চিমসা (cimośa)
• Rohingya: samra, sam

Learned borrowings from चर्मन् (cárman)

• Assamese: চৰ্ম (sormo)
• Bengali: চর্ম (cormo)
• Gujarati: ચર્મ (carma)
• Hindustani: carm

  Hindi: चर्म

  Urdu: چَرْم

• Kannada: ಚರ್ಮ (carma)
• Malayalam: ചർമ്മം (caṟmmaṁ)
• Old Marathi: carma

  Devanagari script: चर्म

  Modi script: 𑘓𑘨𑘿𑘦

  • Marathi: चर्म (carma)
• Odia: ଚର୍ମ (carma)
• Punjabi: caram

  Gurmukhi script: ਚਰਮ

  Shahmukhi script: چَرَم

• Tamil: சருமம் (carumam)
• Telugu: చర్మము (carmamu)
• Sinhalese: චර්‍මය (carmaya)

Further reading

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “cárman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 255