चर्मन्

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• চৰ্মন্ (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬃᬫᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
• চর্মন্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰨𑰿𑰦𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀭𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• စရ်္မန် (Burmese script)
• ચર્મન્ (Gujarati script)
• ਚਰ੍ਮਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌰𑍍𑌮𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦂꦩꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂩𑂹𑂧𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಚರ್ಮೝ (Kannada script)
• ចម៌ន៑ (Khmer script)
• ຈຣ຺ມນ຺ (Lao script)
• ചര്മന് (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠᡵᠮᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘨𑘿𑘦𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᠷᠮᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑧈𑧠𑧆𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐬𑑂𑐩𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଚର୍ମନ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢗꢬ꣄ꢪꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆫𑇀𑆩𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖨𑖿𑖦𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
• චර්‍මන් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩼 𑪙𑩴𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚤𑚶𑚢𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
• சர்மந் (Tamil script)
• చర్మౝ (Telugu script)
• จรฺมนฺ (Thai script)
• ཙ་རྨ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒩𑓂𑒧𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨫𑩇𑨢𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kérmn̥ (“skin, hide, pelt”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥 (car^əman), Old Persian 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴 (c-r-m-n /⁠carman⁠/) (whence Persian چرم (čarm)), Latin corium (“skin”), Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ́ɾ.mɐn/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕɐɾ.mɐn̪/

Noun

चर्मन् • (cárman) stem, n

1. skin
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.110.8.1:

     निश् चर्म॑ण ऋभवो॒ गाम॑पिंशत॒ सं व॒त्सेना॑सृजता मा॒तरं॒ पुनः॑ ।

     níś cármaṇa ṛbhavo gā́mapiṃśata sáṃ vatsénāsṛjatā mātáraṃ púnaḥ.

     Out of skin, O Ṛbhus, once ye formed a cow, and brought the mother close unto her calf again.

2. pelt

Declension

Neuter an-stem declension of चर्मन् (cárman)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चर्म cárma	चर्मणी cármaṇī	चर्माणि / चर्म¹ / चर्मा¹ cármāṇi / cárma¹ / cármā¹
Vocative	चर्मन् / चर्म cárman / cárma	चर्मणी cármaṇī	चर्माणि / चर्म¹ / चर्मा¹ cármāṇi / cárma¹ / cármā¹
Accusative	चर्म cárma	चर्मणी cármaṇī	चर्माणि / चर्म¹ / चर्मा¹ cármāṇi / cárma¹ / cármā¹
Instrumental	चर्मणा cármaṇā	चर्मभ्याम् cármabhyām	चर्मभिः cármabhiḥ
Dative	चर्मणे cármaṇe	चर्मभ्याम् cármabhyām	चर्मभ्यः cármabhyaḥ
Ablative	चर्मणः cármaṇaḥ	चर्मभ्याम् cármabhyām	चर्मभ्यः cármabhyaḥ
Genitive	चर्मणः cármaṇaḥ	चर्मणोः cármaṇoḥ	चर्मणाम् cármaṇām
Locative	चर्मणि / चर्मन्¹ cármaṇi / cárman¹	चर्मणोः cármaṇoḥ	चर्मसु cármasu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: ċam

    Arabic script: ژَم

    Devanagari script: च़म

  • Phalura:

    Latin script: čáam

    Arabic script: چام

  • Torwali: چم (čam)
• Pali: camma
  • → Khmer: ចម្ម (cam)
• Prakrit: 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (camma) (see there for further descendants)
• Bengali: চাম (cam)
• Bengali: চিমসা (cimośa)
• Rohingya: samra, sam

Learned borrowings from चर्मन् (cárman)

• Assamese: চৰ্ম (sormo)
• Bengali: চর্ম (cormo)
• Gujarati: ચર્મ (carma)
• Hindustani: carm

  Hindi: चर्म

  Urdu: چَرْم

• Kannada: ಚರ್ಮ (carma)
• Malayalam: ചർമ്മം (caṟmmaṁ)
• Old Marathi: carma

  Devanagari script: चर्म

  Modi script: 𑘓𑘨𑘿𑘦

  • Marathi: चर्म (carma)
• Odia: ଚର୍ମ (carma)
• Punjabi: caram

  Gurmukhi script: ਚਰਮ

  Shahmukhi script: چَرَم

• Tamil: சருமம் (carumam)
• Telugu: చర్మము (carmamu)
• Sinhalese: චර්‍මය (carmaya)

Further reading

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “cárman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 255