गाँठ्नु
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Nepali
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Sanskrit ग्रन्थयति (granthayati). Doublet of गाँथ्नु (gā̃thnu).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]गाँठ्नु • (gā̃ṭhnu)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of गाँठ्नु [ɡä̃ʈʰnu]
Information | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stem | गाँठ्- [ɡä̃ʈʰ-] | |||
Conjugation type | 1st conjugation: consonant-ending stem, regular. | |||
Non-finite forms | ||||
Infinitives | गाँठ्नु [ɡä̃ʈʰnu] गाँठ्न [ɡä̃ʈʰnʌ] | |||
Participles | Affirmative (+) | Negative (–) | ||
Conjunctive | गाँठेर [ɡä̃ʈʰeɾʌ] गाँठी [ɡä̃ʈʰi] गाँठीकन [ɡä̃ʈʰikʌnʌ] |
नगाँठेर [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰeɾʌ] नगाँठी [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰi] नगाँठीकन [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰikʌnʌ] | ||
1st Perfect | m. sing. | गाँठेको [ɡä̃ʈʰeko] | नगाँठेको [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰeko] | |
f. sing. | गाँठेकी [ɡä̃ʈʰeki] | नगाँठेकी [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰeki] | ||
pl. | गाँठेका [ɡä̃ʈʰekä] | नगाँठेका [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰekä] | ||
high-resp. | गाँठ्नुभएको [ɡä̃ʈʰnu ͜ bʱʌeko] | नगाँठ्नुभएको [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰnu ͜ bʱʌeko] | ||
2nd Perfect | normal | गाँठे [ɡä̃ʈʰe] | नगाँठे [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰe] | |
high-resp. | गाँठ्नुभए [ɡä̃ʈʰnu ͜ bʱʌe] | नगाँठ्नुभए [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰnu ͜ bʱʌe] | ||
Imperfect | normal | गाँठ्दा [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ä] गाँठ्दै [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯] गाँठ्दो [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪o] |
नगाँठ्दा [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ä] नगाँठ्दै [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯] नगाँठ्दो [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪o] | |
high-resp. | गाँठ्नुहुँदा [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦũd̪ä] गाँठ्नुहुँदै [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦũd̪ʌi̯] गाँठ्नुहुँदो [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦũd̪o] |
नगाँठ्नुहुँदा [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦũd̪ä] नगाँठ्नुहुँदै [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦũd̪ʌi̯] नगाँठ्नुहुँदो [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦũd̪o] | ||
Infinitival | normal | गाँठ्ने [ɡä̃ʈʰne] | नगाँठ्ने [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰne] | |
high-resp. | गाँठ्नुहुने [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦune] | नगाँठ्नुहुने [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦune] | ||
Absolutive | गाँठि [ɡä̃ʈʰi] |
Finite forms of गाँठ्नु [ɡä̃ʈʰnu] | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 2nd & 3rd | |||||||||||
Pronoun | म SING. |
हामी PL. |
तँ LOW-RESP. SING. |
तिमी MID-RESP. |
ऊ LOW-RESP. SING. |
उनी MID-RESP. |
तपाईं / ऊहाँ HIGH-RESP. | ||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||
Present | + | गाँठ्छु [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t͡sʰu] |
गाँठ्छौं [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
गाँठ्छस् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t͡sʰʌs] |
गाँठ्छेस् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t͡sʰes] |
गाँठ्छौ [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t͡sʰʌu̯] |
गाँठ्छ्यौ [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t͡sʰeu̯] |
गाँठ्छ [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t͡sʰʌʌ] |
गाँठ्छे [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t͡sʰe] |
गाँठ्छन् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t͡sʰʌn] |
गाँठ्छिन् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t͡sʰin] |
गाँठ्नुहुन्छ [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦunt͡sʰʌ] | |||
– | गाँठ्दिनँ [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪inʌ̃] |
गाँठ्दैनौं [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] |
गाँठ्दैनस् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌs] |
गाँठ्दिनेस् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ines] |
गाँठ्दैनौ [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌu̯] |
गाँठ्दिनौ [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪inʌu̯] |
गाँठ्दैन [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌ] |
गाँठ्दिने [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ine] |
गाँठ्दैनन् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌn] |
गाँठ्दिनन् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪inʌn] |
गाँठ्नुहुँदैन [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ] | ||||
Past | Simple | + | गाँठें [ɡä̃ʈʰẽ] |
गाँठ्यौं [ɡä̃ʈʰẽũ̯] |
गाँठिस् [ɡä̃ʈʰis] |
गाँठ्यौ [ɡä̃ʈʰeu̯] |
गाँठ्यो [ɡä̃ʈʰjo] |
गाँठी [ɡä̃ʈʰi] |
गाँठे [ɡä̃ʈʰe] |
गाँठिन् [ɡä̃ʈʰin] |
गाँठ्नुभयो [ɡä̃ʈʰnu ͜ bʱʌjo] | ||||
– | गाँठिनँ [ɡä̃ʈʰinʌ̃] |
गाँठेनौं [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌ̃ũ̯] |
गाँठेनस् [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌs] |
गाँठिनेस् [ɡä̃ʈʰines] |
गाँठेनौ [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌu̯] |
गाँठेन [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌ] |
गाँठिने [ɡä̃ʈʰine] |
गाँठेनन् [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌn] |
गाँठिनन् [ɡä̃ʈʰinʌn] |
गाँठ्नुभएन [ɡä̃ʈʰnu ͜ bʱʌenʌ] | |||||
Habitual | + | गाँठ्थें [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t̪ʰẽ] |
गाँठ्थ्यौं [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t̪ʰẽũ̯] |
गाँठ्थिस् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t̪ʰis] |
गाँठ्थ्यौ [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t̪ʰeu̯] |
गाँठ्थ्यो [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t̪ʰjo] |
गाँठ्थी [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t̪ʰi] |
गाँठ्थे [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t̪ʰe] |
गाँठ्थिन् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚t̪ʰin] |
गाँठ्नुहुन्थ्यो [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦun̪t̪ʰjo] | |||||
– | गाँठ्दिनथें [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪inʌt̪ʰẽ] |
गाँठ्दैनथ्यौं [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰẽũ̯] |
गाँठ्दैनथिस् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰis] |
गाँठ्दिनथिस् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪inʌt̪ʰis] |
गाँठ्दैनथ्यौ [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰeu̯] |
गाँठ्दिनथ्यौ [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪inʌt̪ʰeu̯] |
गाँठ्दैनथ्यो [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] |
गाँठ्दैनथी [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰi] |
गाँठ्दैनथे [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰe] |
गाँठ्दिनथिन् [ɡä̃ʈʰ̚d̪inʌt̪ʰin] |
गाँठ्नुहुँदैनथ्यो [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] | ||||
Unknown | + | गाँठेछु [ɡä̃ʈʰet͡sʰu] |
गाँठिछु [ɡä̃ʈʰit͡sʰu] |
गाँठेछौं [ɡä̃ʈʰet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
गाँठेछस् [ɡä̃ʈʰet͡sʰʌs] |
गाँठिछेस् [ɡä̃ʈʰit͡sʰes] |
गाँठेछौ [ɡä̃ʈʰet͡sʰʌu̯] |
गाँठेछ [ɡä̃ʈʰet͡sʰʌ] |
गाँठिछे [ɡä̃ʈʰit͡sʰe] |
गाँठेछन् [ɡä̃ʈʰet͡sʰʌn] |
गाँठिछिन् [ɡä̃ʈʰit͡sʰin] |
गाँठ्नुभएछ [ɡä̃ʈʰnu ͜ bʱʌet͡sʰʌ] | |||
– | गाँठेनछु [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌt͡sʰu] |
गाँठिनछु [ɡä̃ʈʰinʌt͡sʰu] |
गाँठेनछौं [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
गाँठेनछस् [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌt͡sʰʌs] |
गाँठिनछेस् [ɡä̃ʈʰinʌt͡sʰes] |
गाँठेनछौ [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌt͡sʰʌu̯] |
गाँठेनछ [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌt͡sʰʌ] |
गाँठिनछे [ɡä̃ʈʰinʌt͡sʰe] |
गाँठेनछन् [ɡä̃ʈʰenʌt͡sʰʌn] |
गाँठिनछिन् [ɡä̃ʈʰinʌt͡sʰin] |
गाँठ्नुभएनछ [ɡä̃ʈʰnu ͜ bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ] | ||||
Future | Definite | + | गाँठ्नेछु [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰu] |
गाँठ्नेछौं [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
गाँठ्नेछस् [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌs] |
गाँठ्नेछेस् [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰes] |
गाँठ्नेछौ [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌu̯] |
गाँठ्नेछ्यौ [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰeu̯] |
गाँठ्नेछ [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌ] |
गाँठ्नेछे [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰe] |
गाँठ्नेछन् [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌn] |
गाँठ्नेछिन् [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰin] |
गाँठ्नुहुनेछ [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦunet͡sʰʌ] | ||
– | गाँठ्नेछैनँ [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃] |
गाँठ्नेछैनौं [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] |
गाँठ्नेछैनस् [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌs] |
गाँठ्नेछैनेस् [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌi̯nes] |
गाँठ्नेछैनौ [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯] |
गाँठ्नेछैन [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] |
गाँठ्नेछैनन् [ɡä̃ʈʰnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌn] |
गाँठ्नुहुनेछैन [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] | |||||||
Indefinite | + | गाँठुँला [ɡä̃ʈʰũlä] |
गाँठुँली [ɡä̃ʈʰũli] |
गाँठौंला [ɡä̃ʈʰʌ̃ũ̯lä] |
गाँठ्लास् [ɡä̃ʈʰläs] |
गाँठ्लिस् [ɡä̃ʈʰlis] |
गाँठौला, गाँठ्लाउ [ɡä̃ʈʰʌu̯lä, ɡä̃ʈʰläu̯] |
गाँठौली, गाँठ्लेउ [ɡä̃ʈʰʌu̯li, ɡä̃ʈʰleu̯] |
गाँठ्ला [ɡä̃ʈʰlä] |
गाँठ्ली [ɡä̃ʈʰli] |
गाँठ्लान्, गाँठ्नन् [ɡä̃ʈʰlän, ɡä̃ʈʰnʌn] |
गाँठ्लिन्, गाँठ्निन् [ɡä̃ʈʰlin, ɡä̃ʈʰnin] |
गाँठ्नुहोला [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦolä] | ||
– | गाँठोइनँ [ɡä̃ʈʰoi̯nʌ̃] |
गाँठोइनौं [ɡä̃ʈʰoi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] |
गाँठोइनस् [ɡä̃ʈʰoi̯nʌs] |
गाँठोइनौ [ɡä̃ʈʰoi̯nʌu̯] |
गाँठोइन [ɡä̃ʈʰoi̯nʌ] |
गाँठोइनन् [ɡä̃ʈʰoi̯nʌn] |
गाँठ्नुहोओइन [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦooi̯nʌ] | ||||||||
नगाँठुँला [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰũlä] |
नगाँठुँली [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰũli] |
नगाँठौंला [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰʌ̃ũ̯lä] |
नगाँठ्लास् [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰläs] |
नगाँठ्लिस् [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰlis] |
नगाँठौला, नगाँठ्लाउ [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰʌu̯lä, nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰläu̯] |
नगाँठौली, नगाँठ्लेउ [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰʌu̯li, nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰleu̯] |
नगाँठ्ला [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰlä] |
नगाँठ्ली [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰli] |
नगाँठ्लान्, नगाँठ्नन् [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰlän, nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰnʌn] |
नगाँठ्लिन्, नगाँठ्निन् [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰlin, nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰnin] |
नगाँठ्नुहोला [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦolä] | ||||
Injunctive | + | गाँठूँ [ɡä̃ʈʰũ] |
गाँठौं, गाँठूँ [ɡä̃ʈʰʌ̃ũ̯, ɡä̃ʈʰũ] |
गाँठ्, गाँठेस्, गाँठे [ɡä̃ʈʰ, ɡä̃ʈʰes, ɡä̃ʈʰe] |
गाँठ, गाँठे [ɡä̃ʈʰʌ, ɡä̃ʈʰe] |
गाँठोस् [ɡä̃ʈʰos] |
गाँठून् [ɡä̃ʈʰun] |
गाँठ्नुहोओस् [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦoos] | |||||||
– | नगाँठूँ [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰũ] |
नगाँठौं, नगाँठूँ [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰʌ̃ũ̯, nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰũ] |
नगाँठ्, नगाँठेस्, नगाँठे [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰ, nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰes, nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰe] |
नगाँठ, नगाँठे [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰʌ, nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰe] |
नगाँठोस् [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰos] |
नगाँठून् [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰun] |
नगाँठ्नुहोओस् [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦoos] | ||||||||
Imperative | + | — | — | गाँठ् [ɡä̃ʈʰ] |
गाँठ [ɡä̃ʈʰʌ] |
— | — | गाँठ्नुहोस्, गाँठ्नोस् [ɡä̃ʈʰnuɦos, ɡä̃ʈʰnos] | |||||||
– | — | — | नगाँठ् [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰ] |
नगाँठ [nʌ ͜ ɡä̃ʈʰʌ] |
— | — | नगाँठ्नुहोस्, नगाँठ्नोस् [nʌɡä̃ʈʰnuɦos, nʌɡä̃ʈʰnos] |
References
[edit]- Schmidt, Turner (2022) “गाँठ्नु”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Nepali Dictionaries]