खदिर

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

খদিৰ (Assamese script)
ᬔᬤᬶᬭ (Balinese script)
খদির (Bengali script)
𑰏𑰟𑰰𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀔𑀤𑀺𑀭 (Brahmi script)
ခဒိရ (Burmese script)
ખદિર (Gujarati script)
ਖਦਿਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌖𑌦𑌿𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦑꦢꦶꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂎𑂠𑂱𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಖದಿರ (Kannada script)
ខទិរ (Khmer script)
ຂທິຣ (Lao script)
ഖദിര (Malayalam script)
ᡘᠠᡩᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘏𑘟𑘱𑘨 (Modi script)
ᠻᠠᢑᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦯𑦿𑧒𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐏𑐡𑐶𑐬 (Newa script)
ଖଦିର (Odia script)
ꢓꢣꢶꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆒𑆢𑆴𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖏𑖟𑖰𑖨 (Siddham script)
ඛදිර (Sinhalese script)
𑩝𑩭𑩑𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚋𑚛𑚮𑚤 (Takri script)
க²தி³ர (Tamil script)
ఖదిర (Telugu script)
ขทิร (Thai script)
ཁ་དི་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒐𑒠𑒱𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨌𑨛𑨁𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Due to its presence in Vedic texts, an Indo-European origin has been sought; however, little has been found. खद् (khad, “to be steady, be hard”) is apparently a back-formation from खदिर (khadira), and proposed relations to खाद् (khād) are phonetically and semantically unconvincing.

Due to the plant's status as native to South and Southeast Asia, it could be a loanword from a local language, such as Dravidian or Munda.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kʰɐ.di.ɾɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰɐ.d̪i.ɾɐ/

Noun

खदिर • (khadira) stem, m

the catechu tree, Senegalia catechu, a deciduous, thorny tree known for its hard wood and multi-purpose heartwood extract

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of खदिर
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	खदिरः (khadiraḥ)	खदिरौ (khadirau) खदिरा¹ (khadirā¹)	खदिराः (khadirāḥ) खदिरासः¹ (khadirāsaḥ¹)
vocative	खदिर (khadira)	खदिरौ (khadirau) खदिरा¹ (khadirā¹)	खदिराः (khadirāḥ) खदिरासः¹ (khadirāsaḥ¹)
accusative	खदिरम् (khadiram)	खदिरौ (khadirau) खदिरा¹ (khadirā¹)	खदिरान् (khadirān)
instrumental	खदिरेण (khadireṇa)	खदिराभ्याम् (khadirābhyām)	खदिरैः (khadiraiḥ) खदिरेभिः¹ (khadirebhiḥ¹)
dative	खदिराय (khadirāya)	खदिराभ्याम् (khadirābhyām)	खदिरेभ्यः (khadirebhyaḥ)
ablative	खदिरात् (khadirāt)	खदिराभ्याम् (khadirābhyām)	खदिरेभ्यः (khadirebhyaḥ)
genitive	खदिरस्य (khadirasya)	खदिरयोः (khadirayoḥ)	खदिराणाम् (khadirāṇām)
locative	खदिरे (khadire)	खदिरयोः (khadirayoḥ)	खदिरेषु (khadireṣu)

¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899) “खदिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 336/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 445
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 301