खदिर

Sanskrit

खदिरः

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• খদিৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬔᬤᬶᬭ (Balinese script)
• খদির (Bengali script)
• 𑰏𑰟𑰰𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀔𑀤𑀺𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ခဒိရ (Burmese script)
• ખદિર (Gujarati script)
• ਖਦਿਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌖𑌦𑌿𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦑꦢꦶꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂎𑂠𑂱𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಖದಿರ (Kannada script)
• ខទិរ (Khmer script)
• ຂທິຣ (Lao script)
• ഖദിര (Malayalam script)
• ᡘᠠᡩᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘏𑘟𑘱𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠻᠠᢑᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦯𑦿𑧒𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐏𑐡𑐶𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଖଦିର (Odia script)
• ꢓꢣꢶꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆒𑆢𑆴𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖏𑖟𑖰𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ඛදිර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩝𑩭𑩑𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚋𑚛𑚮𑚤 (Takri script)
• க²தி³ர (Tamil script)
• ఖదిర (Telugu script)
• ขทิร (Thai script)
• ཁ་དི་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒐𑒠𑒱𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨌𑨛𑨁𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Due to its presence in Vedic texts, an Indo-European origin has been sought; however, little has been found. खद् (khad, “to be steady, be hard”) is apparently a back-formation from खदिर (khadira), and proposed relations to खाद् (khād) are phonetically and semantically unconvincing.

Due to the plant's status as native to South and Southeast Asia, it could be a loanword from a local language, such as Dravidian or Munda.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kʰɐ.di.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰɐ.d̪i.ɾɐ/

Noun

खदिर • (khadira) stem, m

1. the catechu tree, Senegalia catechu, a deciduous, thorny tree known for its hard wood and multi-purpose heartwood extract

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of खदिर (khadira)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	खदिरः khadiraḥ	खदिरौ / खदिरा¹ khadirau / khadirā¹	खदिराः / खदिरासः¹ khadirāḥ / khadirāsaḥ¹
Vocative	खदिर khadira	खदिरौ / खदिरा¹ khadirau / khadirā¹	खदिराः / खदिरासः¹ khadirāḥ / khadirāsaḥ¹
Accusative	खदिरम् khadiram	खदिरौ / खदिरा¹ khadirau / khadirā¹	खदिरान् khadirān
Instrumental	खदिरेण khadireṇa	खदिराभ्याम् khadirābhyām	खदिरैः / खदिरेभिः¹ khadiraiḥ / khadirebhiḥ¹
Dative	खदिराय khadirāya	खदिराभ्याम् khadirābhyām	खदिरेभ्यः khadirebhyaḥ
Ablative	खदिरात् khadirāt	खदिराभ्याम् khadirābhyām	खदिरेभ्यः khadirebhyaḥ
Genitive	खदिरस्य khadirasya	खदिरयोः khadirayoḥ	खदिराणाम् khadirāṇām
Locative	खदिरे khadire	खदिरयोः khadirayoḥ	खदिरेषु khadireṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “खदिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 336/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 445
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 301