ܫܘܦܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

Root
ܫ ܘ ܦ (š w p)
3 terms

From Aramaic שַׁופָּא (šawpā, “friction; polish, filling”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʃɑw.pɑː]

Noun

ܫܲܘܦܵܐ • (šawpā) m sg (plural ܫܲܘܦܹ̈ܐ (šawpē) or ܫܲܘܦܵܢܹ̈ܐ (šawpānē) or ܫܲܘܦܵܦܹ̈ܐ (šawpāpē))

1. the concept of what results from something having made contact with another thing, loosely defined as a trace, mark, touch, or residue, even when not noticeable, traceable, or imprinted.

   ܗ̇ܘ ܟܵܣܵܐ ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܠܹܗ ܫܵܘܦܹܗ، ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܫܵܬܹܝܢ ܡܸܢܹܗ

   awa kāsā īṯ lēh šāwpēh, lā kē šātēn minnēh

   That glass has his touch, I won’t drink from it.

   ܗܵܢܵܐ ܡܵܐܢܵܐ ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܒܹܗ ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܕܒܹܝܥܹ̈ܐ ܟܲܕ݂ ܛܵܒ݂ ܩܸܡ ܡܚܲܠܠܲܬܝ ܠܹܗ

   hānā mānā īṯ bēh šāwpā d-bēˁē kaḏ ṭāḇ qim mḥallat lēh

   This plate has the trace of eggs even though you washed it.

2. site, place, spot (the location of an object, person, event, or similar)

   Synonym: ܕܘܼܟܬ݂ܵܐ (dukṯā)

   ܡܲܕܥܸܪ ܠܹܗ ܒܫܵܘܦܹܗ ܐܵܕܝܼܵܐ ― madˁir lēh b-šāwpēh ādīyā ― Put it back now! (literally, “Return it in its place now!”)

   ܬܲܪܒܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ ܓܵܘ ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܕܦܘܼܠܚܵܢܵܐ ܘܡܲܕ݂ܪܲܫܬܵܐ. ― tarbīṯā gāw šāwpā d-pulḥānā w-maḏraštā. ― Education in the workplace and schools.

   ܣܘܼܚܒܸܪ ܠܹܗ ܫܵܘܦܹ̈ܐ ܐܲܪ̈ܟܝܘܿܠܘܿܓ݂ܝܼܵܝܹܐ. ― suḥbir lēh šāwpē arkyōlōḡīyāyē. ― He visited the archeological sites.

3. Ellipsis of ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܐܸܠܝܼܩܲܛܪܘܿܢܵܝܵܐ (šāwpā ilīqaṭrōnāyā). website, Internet site.

   ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܕܦܪܵܣܢܵܘܠܵܐ ܩܲܕ݇ܡܵܝܵܐ ― šāwpā d-prāsnāwlā qammāyā ― the first Internet site

   ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܪܘܼܫܡܵܝܵܐ ― šāwpā rušmāyā ― the official site

4. Ellipsis of ܫܵܘܦܵܐ ܕܥܲܩܠܵܐ (šāwpā d-ˁaqlā). footprint

   Synonym: ܕܘܼܪܟܬ݂ܵܐ (durkṯā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܵܘܦܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܫܵܘܦܝܼ (šāwpī)		ܫܵܘܦܲܢ (šāwpan)
	construct	ܫܘܿܦ (šōp)		2nd person	ܫܵܘܦܘܼܟ݂ (šāwpūḵ)	ܫܵܘܦܵܟ݂ܝ (šāwpāḵ)	ܫܵܘܦܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šāwpāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܵܘܦܵܐ (šāwpā)		3rd person	ܫܵܘܦܹܗ (šāwpēh)	ܫܵܘܦܵܗ̇ (šāwpāh)	ܫܵܘܦܗܘܿܢ (šāwphōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܫܵܘܦܝܼ̈ (šāwpī)		ܫܵܘܦܲܢ̈ (šāwpan)
	construct	ܫܵܘܦܲܝ̈ (šāwpay)		2nd person	ܫܵܘܦܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (šāwpūḵ)	ܫܵܘܦܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (šāwpāḵ)	ܫܵܘܦܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šāwpāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܵܘܦܹ̈ܐ (šāwpē)		3rd person	ܫܵܘܦܘܼ̈ܗܝ (šāwpūh)	ܫܵܘܦ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (šāwpōh)	ܫܵܘܦܗ̈ܘܿܢ (šāwphōn)

Derived terms

• ܫܘܿܦ (šōp, “instead of”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܫ-ܘ-ܦ (š-w-p) related to smearing. Compare Old Armenian շփեմ (špʻem), an Aramaic borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃawpɑ(ʔ)], [ʃofɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ʃawpe(ʔ)], [ʃofe(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܫܘܦܐ • (šawpā) m (plural ܫܘܦܐ)

1. friction, attrition, chafing, scratching, rubbing
2. (medicine) inflammation of the skin caused by riding or walking
3. polish, polishing, dyeing, embellishing
4. stain
5. filing, metal scrap
6. pounding
7. brooding, incubation
8. (dialectal) staff

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܘܦܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܫܘܦ		1st person	ܫܘܦܝ		ܫܘܦܢ
	construct	ܫܘܦ		2nd person	ܫܘܦܟ	ܫܘܦܟܝ	ܫܘܦܟܘܢ	ܫܘܦܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܘܦܐ		3rd person	ܫܘܦܗ	ܫܘܦܗ	ܫܘܦܗܘܢ	ܫܘܦܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܫܘܦܝܢ		1st person	ܫܘܦܝ		ܫܘܦܝܢ
	construct	ܫܘܦܝ		2nd person	ܫܘܦܝܟ	ܫܘܦܝܟܝ	ܫܘܦܝܟܘܢ	ܫܘܦܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܘܦܐ		3rd person	ܫܘܦܘܗܝ	ܫܘܦܝܗ	ܫܘܦܝܗܘܢ	ܫܘܦܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃofɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ʃofe(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܫܘܦܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܫܘܦܐ)

1. Alternative form of ܐܫܘܦܐ

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܘܦܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܫܘܦ		1st person	ܫܘܦܝ		ܫܘܦܢ
	construct	ܫܘܦ		2nd person	ܫܘܦܟ	ܫܘܦܟܝ	ܫܘܦܟܘܢ	ܫܘܦܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܘܦܐ		3rd person	ܫܘܦܗ	ܫܘܦܗ	ܫܘܦܗܘܢ	ܫܘܦܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܫܘܦܝܢ		1st person	ܫܘܦܝ		ܫܘܦܝܢ
	construct	ܫܘܦܝ		2nd person	ܫܘܦܝܟ	ܫܘܦܝܟܝ	ܫܘܦܝܟܘܢ	ܫܘܦܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܫܘܦܐ		3rd person	ܫܘܦܘܗܝ	ܫܘܦܝܗ	ܫܘܦܝܗܘܢ	ܫܘܦܝܗܝܢ

References

• “šwp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 363b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 567a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 1533a