ܚܬܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Alternative forms

• ܚܵܬ݂ (ḥāṯ) (slang)

Etymology 1

Root
ܐ ܚ ܐ (ˀ ḥ ˀ)
4 terms

From Aramaic אֲחָתָא (ʾăḥāṯā), from Proto-Semitic *ʔaḫwat-; compare Arabic أُخْت (ʔuḵt), Hebrew אָחוֹת (akhót) and Akkadian 𒎏 (aḫātum).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xɑːθɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [xɑːθɑː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [xɑːtɑː]

Noun

ܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ • (ḥāṯā) f sg (plural ܚܵܬ݂̈ܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥāṯwāṯā) or ܚܵܬ݂ܲܘ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥāṯawwāṯā), masculine ܐܲܚܵܐ (aḥḥā) or ܐܲܚܘܿܢܵܐ (aḥōnā))

1. sister (female sibling having parents in common)
2. (in the first-person possessive form) Respectful term of address to a female around one’s own age or slightly younger (see usage notes below)

Usage notes

• This term on its own is used both literally and figuratively; including full sisters, half-sisters and step-sisters.
• (term of address) The term used by old individuals to a female a lot younger than them is ܒܪܵܬܝܼ (brātī, literally “My daughter”), and not this term.

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܵܬ݂ܝܼ (ḥāṯī)		ܚܵܬ݂ܲܢ (ḥāṯan)
	construct	ܚܵܬ݂ (ḥāṯ)		2nd person	ܚܵܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (ḥāṯūḵ)	ܚܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥāṯāḵ)	ܚܵܬ݂ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥāṯāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥāṯā)		3rd person	ܚܵܬ݂ܹܗ (ḥāṯēh)	ܚܵܬ݂ܵܗ̇ (ḥāṯāh)	ܚܵܬ݂ܗܘܿܢ (ḥāṯhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܵܬ݂ܘܵܬܝܼ̈ (ḥāṯwātī)		ܚܵܬ݂ܘܵܬܲܢ̈ (ḥāṯwātan)
	construct	ܚܵܬ݂ܘܵܬ̈ (ḥāṯwāt)		2nd person	ܚܵܬ݂ܘܵܬܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥāṯwātūḵ)	ܚܵܬ݂ܘܵܬܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥāṯwātāḵ)	ܚܵܬ݂ܘܵܬܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥāṯwātāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܵܬ݂ܘܵܬܹ̈ܐ (ḥāṯwātē)		3rd person	ܚܵܬ݂ܘܵܬܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥāṯwātūh)	ܚܵܬ݂ܘܵܬ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥāṯwātōh)	ܚܵܬ݂ܘܵܬܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥāṯwāthōn)

Derived terms

• ܒܲܪ ܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ (bar ḥāṯā, “sororal nephew”)
• ܒܲܪ݇ܬ ܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ (bat ḥāṯā, “sororal niece”)
• ܚܵܬ݂ܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥāṯūṯā, “sisterhood, sorority”)
• ܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܐܘܼܓܵܐ (ḥāṯā ūgā, “half sister”)
• ܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܚܘܼܪܸܓܬܵܐ (ḥāṯā ḥūrigtā, “stepsister”)
• ܚܵܬ݂ܵܝܵܐ (ḥāṯāyā, “sisterly, sororal”)

 

Etymology 2

Root
ܬ ܚ ܬ (t ḥ t)
8 terms

Denominal of ܬܲܚܬܵܝܵܐ (taḥtāyā, “lower”).

Pronunciation

• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [xaːteː]

Verb

ܚܵܬܹܐ • (ḥātē)

1. (intransitive, physically) to become/be in a lower/low position, descend, lower see usage notes

   Antonym: ܥܵܠܹܐ (ˁālē)

2. (intransitive, of volume) to become lower, quieter

Usage notes

• (to become low): This verb is used for literally and physically being in a low position, and not, for example, going downstairs, or any figurative usage. For that, the verb ܢܵܚܸܬ݂ (nāḥiṯ) is used, where there may sometimes be semantic overlap.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܚܵܬܹܐ

present participle	ܚܬܵܝܵܐ (ḥtāyā)
verbal noun	ܚܬܵܝܵܐ (ḥtāyā)
		singular				plural
past participle	m	ܚܸܬܝܵܐ (ḥityā)				ܚܸܬܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥityē)
	f	ܚܬܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥtīṯā)
agent noun	m	ܚܵܬܘܿܝܵܐ (ḥātōyā)				ܚܵܬܘܿܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥātōyē)
	f	ܚܵܬܘܿܝܬܵܐ (ḥātōytā)				ܚܵܬܘܿܝ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥātōyāṯā)
instance noun		ܚܬܵܝܬܵܐ (ḥtāytā)				ܚ̈ܬܵܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥtāyāṯā)
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܚܬܹܐ ܠܝܼ (ḥtē lī)	ܚܬܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥtē lūḵ)	ܚܬܹܐ ܠܹܗ (ḥtē lēh)	ܚܬܹܐ ܠܲܢ (ḥtē lan)	ܚܬܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥtē lāwḵōn)	ܚܬܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥtē lhōn)
	f		ܚܬܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥtē lāḵ)	ܚܬܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ (ḥtē lāh)
non-past	m	ܚܵܬܹܝܢ (ḥātēn)	ܚܵܬܹܝܬ (ḥātēt)	ܚܵܬܹܐ (ḥātē)	ܚܵܬܹܝܚ (ḥātēḥ)	ܚܵܬܹܝܬܘܿܢ (ḥātētōn)	ܚܵܬܝܼ (ḥātī)
	f	ܚܵܬܝܵܢ (ḥātyān)	ܚܵܬܝܵܬܝ (ḥātyāt)	ܚܵܬܝܵܐ (ḥātyā)
imperative	m		ܚܬܝܼ (ḥtī)			ܚܬܲܘ (ḥtaw)
	f		ܚܬܲܝ (ḥtay)
passive past	m	ܚܬܹܝܢ (ḥtēn)	ܚܬܹܝܬ (ḥtēt)	ܚܬܹܐ (ḥtē)	ܚܬܹܝܚ (ḥtēḥ)	ܚܬܹܝܬܘܿܢ (ḥtētōn)	ܚܬܲܝ (ḥtay)
	f	ܚܸܬܝܲܢ (ḥityan)	ܚܸܬܝܲܬܝ (ḥityat)	ܚܸܬܝܵܐ (ḥityā)

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Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ʔaḫwat-.

Alternative forms

• ܐܚܬܐ

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɑθɑ(ʔ)]

Noun

ܚܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܐܚܘܬܐ, singular masculine counterpart ܐܚܐ)

1. sister
2. nun
3. (figuratively) companion; relation, similarity

Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒄑𒃶𒌌 (/⁠ḫittu⁠/), possibly a loanword from Sumerian 𒄑𒃶𒌌 (/⁠hedu⁠/, “architrave”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛttɑ(ʔ)] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɛtte(ʔ)] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܚܬܐ)

1. beam, plank (especially one resting on piles or pillars)
2. (by extension) plank bridge, wooden bridge

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܬܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܬ		1st person	ܚܬܝ		ܚܬܢ
	construct	ܚܬ		2nd person	ܚܬܟ	ܚܬܟܝ	ܚܬܟܘܢ	ܚܬܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܬܐ		3rd person	ܚܬܗ	ܚܬܗ	ܚܬܗܘܢ	ܚܬܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܬܝܢ		1st person	ܚܬܝ		ܚܬܝܢ
	construct	ܚܬܝ		2nd person	ܚܬܝܟ	ܚܬܝܟܝ	ܚܬܝܟܘܢ	ܚܬܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܬܐ		3rd person	ܚܬܘܗܝ	ܚܬܝܗ	ܚܬܝܗܘܢ	ܚܬܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛttɑ(ʔ)] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɛtte(ʔ)] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܬܐ • (transliteration needed) f (plural ܚܬܐ)

1. Alternative form of ܚܬܬܐ

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܬܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܬ		1st person	ܚܬܝ		ܚܬܢ
	construct	ܚܬ		2nd person	ܚܬܟ	ܚܬܟܝ	ܚܬܟܘܢ	ܚܬܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܬܐ		3rd person	ܚܬܗ	ܚܬܗ	ܚܬܗܘܢ	ܚܬܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܬܝܢ		1st person	ܚܬܝ		ܚܬܝܢ
	construct	ܚܬܝ		2nd person	ܚܬܝܟ	ܚܬܝܟܝ	ܚܬܝܟܘܢ	ܚܬܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܬܐ		3rd person	ܚܬܘܗܝ	ܚܬܝܗ	ܚܬܝܗܘܢ	ܚܬܝܗܝܢ

References

• “ˀḥh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥt”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pp. 5a, 120a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 163b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 503b

Turoyo

Etymology

From Aramaic ܚܬܐ (ḥāṯā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħoθo/

Noun

ܚܳܬ݂ܳܐ • (ḥoṯo) f (plural ܚܳܬ݂ܳܬ݂ܶܐ (ḥoṯoṯe))

1. sister

   Coordinate term: ܐܰܚܘܢܳܐ (aḥuno, “brother”)