ܕܠܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

From ܕ- (d-, “of”) +‎ ܠܵܐ (lā, “no”), literally “of no”. Compare Aramaic דִּי לָא (dī lā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [dəlɑː]

Preposition

ܕܠܵܐ • (d-lā)

1. without

   Synonyms: ܓܠܝܼܙ (glīz), ܒܠܲܝ (blay)

   Antonyms: ܥܲܡ (ˁam), ܡ̣ܢ (min), ܒ- (b-)

2. (with an infinitive) used to negate transitive past participles

   ܬܲܪܥܵܐ ܕܠܵܐ ܦܬ݂ܵܚܵܐ ― tarˁā d-lā pṯāḥā ― unopened door

   ܡܲܝ̈ܵܐ ܕܠܵܐ ܡܨܲܦܘܿܝܹܐ ― mayyā d-lā mṣapōyē ― unfiltered water.

   ܥܸܪܒܵܐ ܕܠܵܐ ܡܲܐܟ݂ܘܿܠܹܐ ― ˁirbā d-lā maˀḵōlē ― unfed sheep

Usage notes

• Due to the adverbial nature of this term, is still retained inasmuch as it is possible for it to be followed by an independent personal pronoun, e.g.
  • ܕܠܵܐ ܕܝܼܘܼܟ݂ ― d-lā dīyūḵ ― Without you
  • ܕܠܵܐ ܐܲܢ݇ܬ ― d-lā at ― Without you

Inflection

Inflection of ܕܠܵܐ

base form			ܕܠܵܐ (d-lā)
Personal-pronoun including forms
	singular		plural
	m	f
1st person	ܕܠܵܐ ܕܝܼܝܼ (d-lā dīyī)		ܕܠܵܐ ܕܝܼܲܢ (d-lā dīyan)
2nd person	ܕܠܵܐ ܕܝܼܘܼܟ݂ (d-lā dīyūḵ)	ܕܠܵܐ ܕܝܼܵܟ݂ܝ (d-lā dīyāḵ)	ܕܠܵܐ ܕܝܼܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (d-lā dīyāwḵōn)
3rd person	ܕܠܵܐ ܕܝܼܹܗ (d-lā dīyēh)	ܕܠܵܐ ܕܝܼܵܗ̇ (d-lā dīyāh)	ܕܠܵܐ ܕܝܼܗܘܿܢ (d-lā dīhōn)

Derived terms

• ܕܠܵܐ ܥܲܪܩܲܠܬܵܐ (d-lā ˁarqaltā, “without further ado”)