پنهان

Persian

Alternative forms

پنهام (penhâm)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (PWN /⁠pad⁠/, “to, at, in, on”) + Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (nyhʾn' /⁠nihān⁠/, “concealment, secrecy”). originally a contraction of elements equivalent to New Persian (be, “in”) + (nehân, “hiding”), i.e. "in hiding".

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [pin.hɑːn]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰɪn.hɑːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [pʰɪ.nɑːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [pʰi.nɔːn]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰen.hɒːn]
- (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [pʰen.huːn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰin.hɔn]

Readings
Classical reading^?	pinhān
Dari reading^?	pinhān
Iranian reading^?	penhân
Tajik reading^?	pinhon

Adjective


Iranian Persian	پنهان
Dari	پنهان
Tajik	пинҳон

پنهان • (penhân) (comparative پنهان‌تَر (penhân-tar), superlative پنهان‌تَرین (penhân-tarin))

hidden, unseen, secret
Synonyms: نهان (nehân), مخفی (maxfi)

Antonym: پیدا (peydâ)
- 1928, Mohammad-Taqi Bahar, “مسجد سلیمان”, in دیوان اشعار:
  سال‌ها این راز پنهان بود در قلب زمین […]
  sâl-hâ in râz penhân bud dar qalb-e zamin […]
  For years, this secret was hidden in the heart of the earth […]
covered, shrouded
- 1929, Mohammad-Taqi Bahar, “قصیدهٔ ۵”, in دیوان اشعار:
  زمین پنهان شد اندر موج باران، که از هر سو درآمد بی محابا.
  zamin penhân šod andar mowj-e barân, ke az har su darâmad bi-mohâbâ
  The earth was covered in waves of the rain, [making] audacious entry from every angle
occult

Derived terms

پنهان کردن (penhân kardan, “to hide, to conceal”)
پنهان شدن (penhân šodan, “to go into hiding, to hide”)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: pünhan

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “nihān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 59