پارگین

Persian

Alternative forms

• بارگین (bârgin), پارگی (pârgi)

Etymology

Cognate with Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫃𐫏𐫗 (pʾrgyn /⁠pārgēn⁠/, “moat”), Parthian 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫃𐫏𐫗 (pʾrgyn /⁠pārgēn⁠/), Sogdian 𐫛𐫡𐫐𐫀𐫏𐫗 (prkʾyn, “ditch”). Ultimately from Proto-Iranian *kan- (“to dig”), whence Sanskrit खनति (khanati, “to dig”). Compare the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian պարկէն (parkēn, “moat”), Classical Syriac ܦܰܪܩܺܝܢܳܐ (prqynʾ /⁠parqīnā⁠/), ܦܪܓܝܢܐ (prgynʾ /⁠*pargīnā⁠/), ܦܪܓܝܘܢ (prgywn, “moat, ditch surrounding the town; drain, sewer, conduit”), Classical Syriac ܡܝܦܪܩܛ (mayparqeṭ, “Martyropolis”), Arabic فَارِقِين (fāriqīn, “water reservoir”), Arabic مَيَّافَارِقِين (mayyāfāriqīn, “Martyropolis”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [pɑːɾ.ˈɡeːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰɑːɾ.ɡéːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰɑːɾ.ɡéːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [pʰɑːɾ.ɡéːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [pʰɔːɾ.ɡéːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰɒːɹ.ɡʲíːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰɔɾ.ɡén]

Readings
Classical reading?	pārgēn
Dari reading?	pārgēn
Iranian reading?	pârgin
Tajik reading?	porgen

Noun

پارگین • (pârgin) (obsolete)

1. sink, sewer
2. wastewater, dirty water
3. moat
   • fa:تاریخ بخارا, cited in پارگین in Dehkhoda Dictionary

     بروزگار هارون الرشید مردمان بخارا جمع شدند و اتفاق کردند و پارگین حصار بنا کردند.

     In the era of Harun al-Rashid, the people of Bukhara gathered and together, built the fortification's moat.

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “պարկէն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 64a
• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 232–233
• Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 240
• Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 206
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 228
• Salemann, Carl (1908) “Manichaeische Studien. I. Die mittelpersischen Texte in revidierter Transcription, mit Glossar und grammatischen Bemerkungen”, in Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, VIIIe Série, Cl. hist.-phil., volume 8, number 10, page 109
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ﭙارگين”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 230