يعر

See also: يغر, بعر, and نعر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Unclear. In Psalm 29:9 once plural יְעָ֫ר֥וֹת (yəʿārōṯ) after אַיָּלוֹת (ʾayyālōṯ, “hinds”), assumed by dint of comparativism a likely later misvocalized plural of a יַעֲרָה (yaʿărā, “kid”)—distinguished from homonymous “honeycomb”, an assumed nomen unitatis of יַעַר (yaʿar, “honeycombs”) found in the construct state יַעְרַת (yaʿəraṯ) in 1 Samuel 14:27—, while it has thus far plausibly been translated as the plural of יַעַר (yaʿar, “forest”). There is also Tigre ወርዔ (wärʿe, “mountain goat”), the consonant order of which corresponds to a word the Arabic lexicographers give as يَرَع (yaraʕ, “youngs of wild cows, أَوْلَادُ بَقَرِ الْوَحْشِ (ʔawlādu baqari al-waḥši)”), compare also يَرَاع (yarāʕ) given as a synonym of بَعُوض (baʕūḍ). If it is not instead the lost descendant of Proto-Semitic *waʕil- (“ibex”) the Arabic term must be, as many names for baby animals, deemed a borrowing from Aramaic, owing to the Northwest Semitic w → y change.

Noun

يَعْر • (yaʕr) m (plural أَيْعَار (ʔayʕār))

1. offspring of a goat, kid

Declension

Declension of noun يَعْر (yaʕr)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	يَعْر yaʕr	الْيَعْر al-yaʕr	يَعْر yaʕr
nominative	يَعْرٌ yaʕrun	الْيَعْرُ al-yaʕru	يَعْرُ yaʕru
accusative	يَعْرًا yaʕran	الْيَعْرَ al-yaʕra	يَعْرَ yaʕra
genitive	يَعْرٍ yaʕrin	الْيَعْرِ al-yaʕri	يَعْرِ yaʕri
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	يَعْرَيْن yaʕrayn	الْيَعْرَيْن al-yaʕrayn	يَعْرَيْ yaʕray
nominative	يَعْرَانِ yaʕrāni	الْيَعْرَانِ al-yaʕrāni	يَعْرَا yaʕrā
accusative	يَعْرَيْنِ yaʕrayni	الْيَعْرَيْنِ al-yaʕrayni	يَعْرَيْ yaʕray
genitive	يَعْرَيْنِ yaʕrayni	الْيَعْرَيْنِ al-yaʕrayni	يَعْرَيْ yaʕray
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَيْعَار ʔayʕār	الْأَيْعَار al-ʔayʕār	أَيْعَار ʔayʕār
nominative	أَيْعَارٌ ʔayʕārun	الْأَيْعَارُ al-ʔayʕāru	أَيْعَارُ ʔayʕāru
accusative	أَيْعَارًا ʔayʕāran	الْأَيْعَارَ al-ʔayʕāra	أَيْعَارَ ʔayʕāra
genitive	أَيْعَارٍ ʔayʕārin	الْأَيْعَارِ al-ʔayʕāri	أَيْعَارِ ʔayʕāri

Verb

يَعَرَ • (yaʕara) I (non-past يَيْعَرُ (yayʕaru) or يَيْعِرُ (yayʕiru), verbal noun يُعَار (yuʕār) or يُعْر (yuʕr))
يَعِرَ • (yaʕira) I (non-past يَيْعَرُ (yayʕaru), verbal noun يُعَر (yuʕar)) (obsolete)

1. to bleat, to cry (of a young goat)
   • 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 1:142:

     بَيْنَا نَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللّٰهِ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جُلُوسٌ إِذْ دَفَعَ الرَّاعِي غَنَمَهُ إِلَى الْمُرَاحِ وَمَعَهُ سَخْلَة تَيْعَرُ

     baynā naḥnu maʕa rasūli llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama julūsun ʔiḏ dafaʕa r-rāʕī ḡanamahu ʔilā l-murāḥi wa-maʕa-hū saḵla(t) tayʕaru

     We were sitting in the company of the Messenger of God (PBUH) when we saw that a shepherd was driving a herd of sheep to their fold. He had with him a newly-born lamb that was crying.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of يَعَرَ (I, sound, a ~ a/i, no passive, verbal nouns يُعَار, يُعْر)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						يُعَار, يُعْر yuʕār, yuʕr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						يَاعِر yāʕir
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	يَعَرْتُ yaʕartu	يَعَرْتَ yaʕarta	يَعَرَ yaʕara		يَعَرْتُمَا yaʕartumā	يَعَرَا yaʕarā		يَعَرْنَا yaʕarnā	يَعَرْتُمْ yaʕartum	يَعَرُوا yaʕarū
	f		يَعَرْتِ yaʕarti	يَعَرَتْ yaʕarat			يَعَرَتَا yaʕaratā			يَعَرْتُنَّ yaʕartunna	يَعَرْنَ yaʕarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَيْعَرُ, أَيْعِرُ ʔayʕaru, ʔayʕiru	تَيْعَرُ, تَيْعِرُ tayʕaru, tayʕiru	يَيْعَرُ, يَيْعِرُ yayʕaru, yayʕiru		تَيْعَرَانِ, تَيْعِرَانِ tayʕarāni, tayʕirāni	يَيْعَرَانِ, يَيْعِرَانِ yayʕarāni, yayʕirāni		نَيْعَرُ, نَيْعِرُ nayʕaru, nayʕiru	تَيْعَرُونَ, تَيْعِرُونَ tayʕarūna, tayʕirūna	يَيْعَرُونَ, يَيْعِرُونَ yayʕarūna, yayʕirūna
	f		تَيْعَرِينَ, تَيْعِرِينَ tayʕarīna, tayʕirīna	تَيْعَرُ, تَيْعِرُ tayʕaru, tayʕiru			تَيْعَرَانِ, تَيْعِرَانِ tayʕarāni, tayʕirāni			تَيْعَرْنَ, تَيْعِرْنَ tayʕarna, tayʕirna	يَيْعَرْنَ, يَيْعِرْنَ yayʕarna, yayʕirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَيْعَرَ, أَيْعِرَ ʔayʕara, ʔayʕira	تَيْعَرَ, تَيْعِرَ tayʕara, tayʕira	يَيْعَرَ, يَيْعِرَ yayʕara, yayʕira		تَيْعَرَا, تَيْعِرَا tayʕarā, tayʕirā	يَيْعَرَا, يَيْعِرَا yayʕarā, yayʕirā		نَيْعَرَ, نَيْعِرَ nayʕara, nayʕira	تَيْعَرُوا, تَيْعِرُوا tayʕarū, tayʕirū	يَيْعَرُوا, يَيْعِرُوا yayʕarū, yayʕirū
	f		تَيْعَرِي, تَيْعِرِي tayʕarī, tayʕirī	تَيْعَرَ, تَيْعِرَ tayʕara, tayʕira			تَيْعَرَا, تَيْعِرَا tayʕarā, tayʕirā			تَيْعَرْنَ, تَيْعِرْنَ tayʕarna, tayʕirna	يَيْعَرْنَ, يَيْعِرْنَ yayʕarna, yayʕirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَيْعَرْ, أَيْعِرْ ʔayʕar, ʔayʕir	تَيْعَرْ, تَيْعِرْ tayʕar, tayʕir	يَيْعَرْ, يَيْعِرْ yayʕar, yayʕir		تَيْعَرَا, تَيْعِرَا tayʕarā, tayʕirā	يَيْعَرَا, يَيْعِرَا yayʕarā, yayʕirā		نَيْعَرْ, نَيْعِرْ nayʕar, nayʕir	تَيْعَرُوا, تَيْعِرُوا tayʕarū, tayʕirū	يَيْعَرُوا, يَيْعِرُوا yayʕarū, yayʕirū
	f		تَيْعَرِي, تَيْعِرِي tayʕarī, tayʕirī	تَيْعَرْ, تَيْعِرْ tayʕar, tayʕir			تَيْعَرَا, تَيْعِرَا tayʕarā, tayʕirā			تَيْعَرْنَ, تَيْعِرْنَ tayʕarna, tayʕirna	يَيْعَرْنَ, يَيْعِرْنَ yayʕarna, yayʕirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِيعَرْ, اِيعِرْ īʕar, īʕir			اِيعَرَا, اِيعِرَا īʕarā, īʕirā				اِيعَرُوا, اِيعِرُوا īʕarū, īʕirū
	f		اِيعَرِي, اِيعِرِي īʕarī, īʕirī							اِيعَرْنَ, اِيعِرْنَ īʕarna, īʕirna

    Conjugation of يَعِرَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal noun يُعَر)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						يُعَر yuʕar
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						يَاعِر yāʕir
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	يَعِرْتُ yaʕirtu	يَعِرْتَ yaʕirta	يَعِرَ yaʕira		يَعِرْتُمَا yaʕirtumā	يَعِرَا yaʕirā		يَعِرْنَا yaʕirnā	يَعِرْتُمْ yaʕirtum	يَعِرُوا yaʕirū
	f		يَعِرْتِ yaʕirti	يَعِرَتْ yaʕirat			يَعِرَتَا yaʕiratā			يَعِرْتُنَّ yaʕirtunna	يَعِرْنَ yaʕirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَيْعَرُ ʔayʕaru	تَيْعَرُ tayʕaru	يَيْعَرُ yayʕaru		تَيْعَرَانِ tayʕarāni	يَيْعَرَانِ yayʕarāni		نَيْعَرُ nayʕaru	تَيْعَرُونَ tayʕarūna	يَيْعَرُونَ yayʕarūna
	f		تَيْعَرِينَ tayʕarīna	تَيْعَرُ tayʕaru			تَيْعَرَانِ tayʕarāni			تَيْعَرْنَ tayʕarna	يَيْعَرْنَ yayʕarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَيْعَرَ ʔayʕara	تَيْعَرَ tayʕara	يَيْعَرَ yayʕara		تَيْعَرَا tayʕarā	يَيْعَرَا yayʕarā		نَيْعَرَ nayʕara	تَيْعَرُوا tayʕarū	يَيْعَرُوا yayʕarū
	f		تَيْعَرِي tayʕarī	تَيْعَرَ tayʕara			تَيْعَرَا tayʕarā			تَيْعَرْنَ tayʕarna	يَيْعَرْنَ yayʕarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَيْعَرْ ʔayʕar	تَيْعَرْ tayʕar	يَيْعَرْ yayʕar		تَيْعَرَا tayʕarā	يَيْعَرَا yayʕarā		نَيْعَرْ nayʕar	تَيْعَرُوا tayʕarū	يَيْعَرُوا yayʕarū
	f		تَيْعَرِي tayʕarī	تَيْعَرْ tayʕar			تَيْعَرَا tayʕarā			تَيْعَرْنَ tayʕarna	يَيْعَرْنَ yayʕarna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِيعَرْ īʕar			اِيعَرَا īʕarā				اِيعَرُوا īʕarū
	f		اِيعَرِي īʕarī							اِيعَرْنَ īʕarna

Etymology 2

Verb

يعر (form IV)

1. يُعِرْ (yuʕir) /ju.ʕir/: third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَعَارَ (ʔaʕāra)
2. يُعَرْ (yuʕar) /ju.ʕar/: third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَعَارَ (ʔaʕāra)

References

• Freytag, Georg (1837) “يعر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 520b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “يعر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1630b
• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 317–318, Nr. 248