هیربد

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hylpt' /⁠hērbed⁠/, “religious scholar”), borrowed from Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (aēθrapaⁱti, “teacher priest”). By surface analysis, هیر (hir, “fire; worship, obedience”) +‎ ـبد (-bod, “lord, master”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [heːɾ.ˈbuð], [heːɾ.ˈbað]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [heːɾ.bʊ́d̪], [heːɾ.bǽd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [heːɾ.bʊ́d̪], [heːɾ.bǽd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔeːɾ.bʊ́d̪], [ʔeːɾ.bǽd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔeːɾ.búd̪̥], [ʔeːɾ.bǽd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hiːɹ.bód̪̥], [hiːɹ.bǽd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [heɾ.búd̪], [heɾ.bǽd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	hērbuḏ, hērbaḏ
Dari reading?	hērbud, hērbad
Iranian reading?	hirbod, hirbad
Tajik reading?	herbud, herbad

Noun

هیربد • (hirbod) (plural هیربدان (hirbodân))

1. (Zoroastrianism) lowest-ranking Zoroastrian priest

   Coordinate terms: موبد (mowbed), دستور (dastur)

   • 1400s?, صد در نثر:

     اینکه موبدان و دستوران و ردان و هیربدان را نشاید که همه کس را پهلوی آموزند که زردشت از هورمزد پرسید که پهلوی آموختن مر کسان را شاید هورمزد به افزونی جواب داد که هر که از نسل تو باشد موبد و دستور و هیربدی که خردمند باشد. دیگر هیچ کس را نشاید جز از اینکه گفته‌ام اگر دیگران را آموزند او را عظیم گناه باشد اگر بسیار کار کرفه کرده باشد فرجام او را بدوزخ بود.

     īn-ki mūbidān u dastūrān u radān u hērbudān rā na-šāyad ki hama kas rā pahlawī amōzand ki zardušt az hūrmazd porsīd ki pahlawī āmōxtan mar kasān rā šāyad hūrmazd ba afzūnī jawāb dād ki har ki az nasl-i tō bāšad mūbid u dastūr u hērbudē ki xiradmand bāšad. dīgar hēč kas rā na-šāyad juz az īn-ki gufta'am agar dīgarān rā āmōzand ō rā azīm gunāh bāšad agar bisyār kār-i kirfa karda bāšad farjām-i ō rā ba dōzax buwad.

     That the mowbeds and dasturs and rads and herbods [orders of Zoroastrian priests] must not let everybody learn Pahlavi, for Zoroaster asked Ahura Mazda whether learning Pahlavi was suitable for people, and Ahura Mazda answered extensively, "Everyone descended from you who are mowbeds and dasturs and herbods who are wise. Nobody else should [learn the Pahlavi language], except for those who I have mentioned. If it is taught to others, it is a great sin. [Even] if his good deeds are many, his end will be in Hell."

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “هیربد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim