ن ف ق

See also: نفق and نقف

Arabic

Etymology

A Proto-West Semitic base stem “to go off, to part”.

Root

ن ف ق • (n-f-q)

1. related to retreating in a burrow
2. related to economical expenditure, a good running out on one side and increasing on the other
3. related to perishing
4. related to duplicity, taking one position and elsewhere another, hypocrisy

Derived terms

Verbs:

• Form I: نَفَقَ (nafaqa)
  • Active participle: نَافِق (nāfiq)
  • Passive participle: مَنْفُوق (manfūq)

• Form I: نَفِقَ (nafiqa)
  • Active participle: ?
  • Passive participle: مَنْفُوق (manfūq)
• Form II: نَفَّقَ (naffaqa)
  • Verbal noun: تَنْفِيق (tanfīq)
  • Active participle: مُنَفِّق (munaffiq)
  • Passive participle: مُنَفَّق (munaffaq)
• Form III: نَافَقَ (nāfaqa)
  • Verbal noun: مُنَافَقَة (munāfaqa)
  • Active participle: مُنَافِق (munāfiq)
  • Passive participle: مُنَافَق (munāfaq)
• Form IV: أَنْفَقَ (ʔanfaqa)
  • Verbal noun: إِنْفَاق (ʔinfāq)
  • Active participle: مُنْفِق (munfiq)
  • Passive participle: مُنْفَق (munfaq)
• Form V: تَنَفَّقَ (tanaffaqa)
  • Verbal noun: تَنَفُّق (tanaffuq)
  • Active participle: مُتَنَفِّق (mutanaffiq)
  • Passive participle: مُتَنَفَّق (mutanaffaq)
• Form VIII: اِنْتَفَقَ (intafaqa)
  • Verbal noun: اِنْتِفَاق (intifāq)
  • Active participle: مُنْتَفِق (muntafiq)
• Form X: اِسْتَنْفَقَ (istanfaqa)
  • Verbal noun: اِسْتِنْفَاق (istinfāq)
  • Active participle: مُسْتَنْفِق (mustanfiq)
  • Passive participle: مُسْتَنْفَق (mustanfaq)

Nouns:

• نَفَق (nafaq, “tunnel”)
• نَفَقَة (nafaqa, “expense”)
• نَفَّاق (naffāq, “spendthrift”)
• نَافِق (nāfiq, “field-mouse”)
• نَفِق (nafiq, “breaking off fast (said of a steed)”)

References

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 1280–1281
• Freytag, Georg (1837) “ن ف ق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 316–317
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “ن ف ق”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1315
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ن ف ق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 1138