نیشتر

Ottoman Turkish

نیشتر

Alternative forms

• نشتر (neşter)

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian نیشتر (ništar, “lancet”).

Noun

نیشتر • (nişter, neşter)

1. lancet, fleam, a two-edged surgical instrument used in venesection

   Synonym: مفصد (mifsad)

Derived terms

• آت نیشتری (at neşteri, “farrier's lancet”)

Descendants

• Turkish: neşter
• → Albanian: neshter
• → Armenian: նէշտէր (nēštēr)
• → Greek: νυστέρι (nystéri)
• → Romanian: nișter

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “neşter”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3529
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “نیشتر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1295
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Phlebotomon”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[2], Vienna, column 1297
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “نیشتر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 5301
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “neşter”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “نیشتر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2117

Persian

Alternative forms

• نشتر (neštar)

Etymology

Formed with a base ultimately going back to Proto-Indo-Iranian *náyȷ́žʰam.

Akin to Middle Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian նիշտր (ništr), նշտրակ (nštrak), and Classical Syriac ܐܫܬܪܟܐ (/⁠ˀštrkˀ⁠/) to be emended to ܢܫܬܪܟܐ* (/⁠*nštrkˀ⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [niːʃ.ˈtaɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [niːʃ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [niːʃ.t̪ʰǽɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [niːʃ.t̪ʰǽɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [niʃ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [niːʃ.t̪ʰǽɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [niʃ.t̪ʰǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	nīštar
Dari reading?	nīštar
Iranian reading?	ništar
Tajik reading?	ništar

Noun

نیشتر • (ništar)

1. lancet

Related terms

• نیش (niš)

Descendants

• → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܢܫܬܪ (naštār)
• → Azerbaijani: neştər
• → Georgian: ნესტარი (nesṭari)
• → Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: niştir, neşter, niştir, nişter, niştêr

  Central Kurdish: نەشتەر (neşter)

• → Middle Armenian: նշտար (nštar)
  • Armenian: նշտար (nštar)
• → Ottoman Turkish: نیشتر (nişter), نشتر (neşter)
  • Turkish: neşter
  • → Albanian: neshter
  • → Armenian: նէշտէր (nēštēr)
  • → Greek: νυστέρι (nystéri)
  • → Romanian: nișter
• → Pashto: نشتر (naštár), نيشتر (ništár)
• → Udi: ништӏар (nišṭar)

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “նշտիր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 462–463
• Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 193
• Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 445
• Gippert, Jost (1993) Iranica Armeno-Iberica: Studien zu den iranischen Lehnwörtern im Armenischen und Georgischen (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte; 606. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Iranistik; 26) (in German), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, page 203
• Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 1067, page 238
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1900) “Zur persischen lautlehre”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung‎^[5] (in German), volume 36, number 2, pages 163–164
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “نیشتر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 1403
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “نیشتر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 1442