نشم

See also: نسم, يشم, یشم, يسم, بسم, تشم, پشم, and تسم

Arabic

Etymology 1

Unknown.

An equation with Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem or terms reconstructed for it, Old Armenian թեղի (tʻełi), Ancient Greek πτελέα (pteléa), all meaning “elm”, is possible, per a communication of Lameen Souag.

Federico Corriente’s Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou reckons it possible to equate the Arabic dendronym, which in the Middle Ages encompassed نَشَم أَسْوَد (našam ʔaswad, “elm”, literally “black elm”) and نَشَم أَبْيَض (našam ʔabyaḍ, “nettle tree”, literally “white elm”) (else called قَيْقَب (qayqab) and مَيْس (mays)), with Egyptian nšmt meaning types of “feldspar”, a variety of minerals widely occurring in the earth and employed to carve items, sharing thus properties and functions of the woods of the trees, a particular colour of which or the multifarity of colours of which would have stood model for Hebrew תִּנְשֶׁמֶת (tinšémeṯ, “chameleon”), elsewhere לֶשֶׁם (léšem, “probably amazonite”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na.ʃam/

Noun

نَشَم • (našam) m (collective, singulative نَشَمَة f (našama), plural أَنْشَام (ʔanšām))

1. elm (Ulmus spp.)

   Synonyms: شَجَر البَقّ (šajar al-baqq), دَرْدَار (dardār), بُوقِيصَا (būqīṣā)

   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 4, pages 154–155:

     ويغرس في المواضع الرطب الكبيرة والندوة منها النشم والغرب والصفيراء والأيرج والميس والرند ويتوخى أن يكون شجر الأترج في مواضع مستور عن الريح الجوفية والريح الغربية مكشوف للريح القبلية.

     One plants on moist, spacious and humid places there elms, willows, planetree maples, citrons, hackberries, and laurels, and it is to be taken care that the citron is covered from northern and western winds and open for southeastern winds.

Declension

Declension of noun نَشَم (našam)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَشَم našam	النَّشَم an-našam	نَشَم našam
Nominative	نَشَمٌ našamun	النَّشَمُ an-našamu	نَشَمُ našamu
Accusative	نَشَمًا našaman	النَّشَمَ an-našama	نَشَمَ našama
Genitive	نَشَمٍ našamin	النَّشَمِ an-našami	نَشَمِ našami
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَشَمَة našama	النَّشَمَة an-našama	نَشَمَة našamat
Nominative	نَشَمَةٌ našamatun	النَّشَمَةُ an-našamatu	نَشَمَةُ našamatu
Accusative	نَشَمَةً našamatan	النَّشَمَةَ an-našamata	نَشَمَةَ našamata
Genitive	نَشَمَةٍ našamatin	النَّشَمَةِ an-našamati	نَشَمَةِ našamati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَشَمَتَيْن našamatayn	النَّشَمَتَيْن an-našamatayn	نَشَمَتَيْ našamatay
Nominative	نَشَمَتَانِ našamatāni	النَّشَمَتَانِ an-našamatāni	نَشَمَتَا našamatā
Accusative	نَشَمَتَيْنِ našamatayni	النَّشَمَتَيْنِ an-našamatayni	نَشَمَتَيْ našamatay
Genitive	نَشَمَتَيْنِ našamatayni	النَّشَمَتَيْنِ an-našamatayni	نَشَمَتَيْ našamatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نَشَمَات našamāt	النَّشَمَات an-našamāt	نَشَمَات našamāt
Nominative	نَشَمَاتٌ našamātun	النَّشَمَاتُ an-našamātu	نَشَمَاتُ našamātu
Accusative	نَشَمَاتٍ našamātin	النَّشَمَاتِ an-našamāti	نَشَمَاتِ našamāti
Genitive	نَشَمَاتٍ našamātin	النَّشَمَاتِ an-našamāti	نَشَمَاتِ našamāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَنْشَام ʔanšām	الْأَنْشَام al-ʔanšām	أَنْشَام ʔanšām
Nominative	أَنْشَامٌ ʔanšāmun	الْأَنْشَامُ al-ʔanšāmu	أَنْشَامُ ʔanšāmu
Accusative	أَنْشَامًا ʔanšāman	الْأَنْشَامَ al-ʔanšāma	أَنْشَامَ ʔanšāma
Genitive	أَنْشَامٍ ʔanšāmin	الْأَنْشَامِ al-ʔanšāmi	أَنْشَامِ ʔanšāmi

Descendants

• Sicilian: Niscemi
  • Italian: Niscemi

References

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1264
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “نشم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 674
• Freytag, Georg (1837) “نشم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 283–284
• Hoffmeier, James K. (2023) “Further Reflections on Egyptian Influences on the Early Hebrews—Priestly Matters”, in Linguistic and Philological Studies of the Hebrew Bible and its Manuscripts in Honor of Gary A. Rendsburg (Studia Semitica Neerlandica; 75)‎^[3], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
• Souag, Lameen (2016 July 25) “Darja notes: Elms and kids' morphology”, in Jabal al-Lughat‎^[4], archived from the original on 15 February 2018

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

نشم (form I)

1. نَشَمُّ (našammu) /na.ʃam.mu/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
2. نُشَمُّ (nušammu) /nu.ʃam.mu/: first-person plural non-past passive indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
3. نَشَمَّ (našamma) /na.ʃam.ma/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
4. نُشَمَّ (nušamma) /nu.ʃam.ma/: first-person plural non-past passive subjunctive/jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
5. نَشَمِّ (našammi) /na.ʃam.mi/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
6. نُشَمِّ (nušammi) /nu.ʃam.mi/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
7. نَشُمُّ (našummu) /na.ʃum.mu/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
8. نَشُمَّ (našumma) /na.ʃum.ma/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive/jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
9. نَشُمِّ (našummi) /na.ʃum.mi/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)