مستقل

Arabic

Root
ق ل ل (q l l)
14 terms

Etymology

Derived from the active participle of اِسْتَقَلَّ (istaqalla, “to be independent”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mus.ta.qill/

Adjective

مُسْتَقِلّ • (mustaqill) (feminine مُسْتَقِلَّة (mustaqilla), masculine plural مُسْتَقِلُّونَ (mustaqillūna), feminine plural مُسْتَقِلَّات (mustaqillāt))

1. independent
2. autonomous
3. separate, distinct, particular

Declension

Declension of adjective مُسْتَقِلّ (mustaqill)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مُسْتَقِلّ mustaqill	الْمُسْتَقِلّ al-mustaqill	مُسْتَقِلَّة mustaqilla	الْمُسْتَقِلَّة al-mustaqilla
Nominative	مُسْتَقِلٌّ mustaqillun	الْمُسْتَقِلُّ al-mustaqillu	مُسْتَقِلَّةٌ mustaqillatun	الْمُسْتَقِلَّةُ al-mustaqillatu
Accusative	مُسْتَقِلًّا mustaqillan	الْمُسْتَقِلَّ al-mustaqilla	مُسْتَقِلَّةً mustaqillatan	الْمُسْتَقِلَّةَ al-mustaqillata
Genitive	مُسْتَقِلٍّ mustaqillin	الْمُسْتَقِلِّ al-mustaqilli	مُسْتَقِلَّةٍ mustaqillatin	الْمُسْتَقِلَّةِ al-mustaqillati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مُسْتَقِلَّيْن mustaqillayn	الْمُسْتَقِلَّيْن al-mustaqillayn	مُسْتَقِلَّتَيْن mustaqillatayn	الْمُسْتَقِلَّتَيْن al-mustaqillatayn
Nominative	مُسْتَقِلَّانِ mustaqillāni	الْمُسْتَقِلَّانِ al-mustaqillāni	مُسْتَقِلَّتَانِ mustaqillatāni	الْمُسْتَقِلَّتَانِ al-mustaqillatāni
Accusative	مُسْتَقِلَّيْنِ mustaqillayni	الْمُسْتَقِلَّيْنِ al-mustaqillayni	مُسْتَقِلَّتَيْنِ mustaqillatayni	الْمُسْتَقِلَّتَيْنِ al-mustaqillatayni
Genitive	مُسْتَقِلَّيْنِ mustaqillayni	الْمُسْتَقِلَّيْنِ al-mustaqillayni	مُسْتَقِلَّتَيْنِ mustaqillatayni	الْمُسْتَقِلَّتَيْنِ al-mustaqillatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مُسْتَقِلِّين mustaqillīn	الْمُسْتَقِلِّين al-mustaqillīn	مُسْتَقِلَّات mustaqillāt	الْمُسْتَقِلَّات al-mustaqillāt
Nominative	مُسْتَقِلُّونَ mustaqillūna	الْمُسْتَقِلُّونَ al-mustaqillūna	مُسْتَقِلَّاتٌ mustaqillātun	الْمُسْتَقِلَّاتُ al-mustaqillātu
Accusative	مُسْتَقِلِّينَ mustaqillīna	الْمُسْتَقِلِّينَ al-mustaqillīna	مُسْتَقِلَّاتٍ mustaqillātin	الْمُسْتَقِلَّاتِ al-mustaqillāti
Genitive	مُسْتَقِلِّينَ mustaqillīna	الْمُسْتَقِلِّينَ al-mustaqillīna	مُسْتَقِلَّاتٍ mustaqillātin	الْمُسْتَقِلَّاتِ al-mustaqillāti

Related terms

• اِسْتَقَلَّ (istaqalla)
• اِسْتِقْلَال (istiqlāl)
• اِسْتِقْلَالِيّ (istiqlāliyy)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: müstəqil
• → Kumyk: мустакъил (mustaqil)
• → Persian: مستقل (mostaqell)
• → Ottoman Turkish: مستقل (müstakil)
  • Turkish: müstakil
  • Crimean Tatar: mustaqil
• → Uyghur: مۇستەقىل (musteqil)
• → Uzbek: mustaqil

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْتَقِلّ (mustaqill).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [mus.ta.ˈqil]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mʊs.t̪ʰä.qɪ́l]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mʊs.t̪ʰä.qɪ́l]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mʊs.t̪ʰä.qɪ́l]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mus.t̪ʰä.qíl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mos.t̪ʰæ.ʁél̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mus.t̪ʰä.qíl]

Readings
Classical reading?	mustaqil
Dari reading?	mustaqil
Iranian reading?	mostağel
Tajik reading?	mustaqil

Adjective

Dari	مستقل
Iranian Persian
Tajik	мустақил

مستقل • (mostaqel)

1. independent

   Synonym: آزاد (âzâd)

   Antonym: وابسته (vâbaste)

2. autonomous
3. separate, distinct, particular

Related terms

• استقلال (esteqlâl, “independence”)

 

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مُسْتَقِل (mustaqil), from Arabic مُسْتَقِلّ (mustaqill).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /mʊs.t̪ə.qɪl/
• Rhymes: -ɪl
• Hyphenation: مُس‧تَ‧قِل

Adjective

مُسْتَقِل • (mustaqil) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling मुस्तक़िल)

1. permanent

   Antonym: عارْضی ('ārzī)

2. firm; fixed; constant, immovable
3. (by extension) separate, independent

   Antonym: ضِمْنی (zimnī)

4. (by extension) complete
5. (rare) durable
6. (figuratively) steadfast, resolute

See also

Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ق ل ل (0 c, 2 e)

Further reading

• “مستقل”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “مستقل”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “مستقل”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “مستقل”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “مستقل”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834) “مستقل”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC