مردم

Pashto

Noun

مردم • (mardúm) m

people, the world, mankind, humanity

Persian

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مردم

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Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mltwm' /⁠mardōm⁠/, “mankind, people”), from Proto-Iranian *mártyah (“man”) + *táwxma (“family, seed”). Equivalent to Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (mlt' /⁠mard⁠/, “man”, modern (mard)) + Middle Persian 𐫤𐫇𐫍𐫖 (twhm /⁠tōhm⁠/, “family, seed”, modern (toxm)): "the seed of man". Cognate to Sogdian [script needed] (mrtxm’y /⁠martoxmē, martəxmē⁠/, “people, man”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [maɾ.ˈdum]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mäɾ.d̪ʊ́m]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mäɾ.d̪ʊ́m]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mäɾ.d̪úm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mæɹ.d̪óm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mäɾ.d̪úm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	mardum
Dari reading^?	mardum
Iranian reading^?	mardom
Tajik reading^?	mardum

Audio (Iran): (file)

Noun


Iranian Persian	مردم
Dari	مردم
Tajik	мардум

مَرْدُم • (mardom) (plural مردمان (mardomân))

people (group of humans)
― mardom-e kešvar ― the people of the country
people (nation)
― mardomân-e tork ― Turkic peoples
(literary) human
Synonyms: آدم (âdam), انسان (ensân)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 360:
  دور دور عیسی است ای مردمان
  بشنوید اسرار کیش او به جان
  dawr dawr-i īsā ast ay mardumān
  bešnawēd asrār-i kēš-i ō dar jān
  The epoch is the epoch of Jesus. O men,
  Hearken with your souls unto the mysteries of his religion!
  (Classical Persian transliteration)
(literary) Synonym of (mardomak, “pupil (of the eye)”).
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 330”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎^[1]:
  غلام مردم چشمم که با سیاه دلی
  هزار قطره ببارد چو درد دل شمرم
  ğulām-i mardum-i čašmam ki bā siyāh dilī
  hazār qatra bibārad čū dard-i dil šimuram
  I am a slave to the pupil of my eye, which malevolently
  Rains down a thousand teardrops when I count the pains of my heart.
  (Classical Persian transliteration)

Usage notes

Identical to English people, has a plural sense on its own. The plural is used in the sense of "people" as "nation", or for the literary sense of "one human"; in this latter case and are identical in meaning.
usually takes the third-person plural form of the verb.

Related terms

مردمی (mardomi)
مردم‌دار (mardom-dâr)
مردم‌دوست (mardom-dust)
مردم‌دوستی (mardom-dusti)
مردم‌شناس (mardom-šenâs)
مردم‌فریب (mardom-farib)
مردم‌شناسی (mardom-šenâsi)
مردم‌سالاری (mardom-sâlâri)
مردم‌آزاری (mardom-âzâri)
مردم‌زاده (mardom-zādeh)

References

Kazzazi, Mir Jalaleddin, Nāme-ye Bāstān (The Ancient Book): The Interpretation of Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, Vol. I, ed. 2, 2013.
Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “مردم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 214