سوراخ

Persian

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (swlʾh /⁠sūrāx⁠/) from earlier form [Book Pahlavi needed] (swlʾk' /⁠sūrāg⁠/). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱouH-r-o- and suffix ـاک (/⁠-āk⁠/)
Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬏𐬭𐬀 (sūra, “hole”) (>*ćuHráh), Northern Luri (/⁠siłā⁠/, “hole”) and Classical Persian (/⁠sūla⁠/, “hole”) (>*ćuHrákah).

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [suː.ɾɑ́ːx]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [suː.ɾɑ́ːx]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [su.ɾɔ́ːx]


Iranian Persian	سوراخ
Dari	سوراخ
Tajik	сурох

سوراخ • (surâx) (plural سوراخ‌ها (surâx-hâ))

hole, cavity, bore, orifice, slot
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3533:
  واگشایم هفت سوراخ نفاق
  در ضیای ماه بی‌‌خسف و محاق
  wāgušāyam haft sūrax-i-nifāq
  dar ziyā-i-māh bē-xasf u mahāq
  I will lay bare the seven rifts (sins) of hypocrisy
  in the light of the moon that suffers no eclipse or waning.
(slang, sports) loser
tim-e mored-e-'alâqe-at surâx šod
Your favorite team lost.

Enclitic-attached forms of سوراخ (surâx) (Iranian Persian)

Basic forms of
	singular	plural
bare	سوراخ (surâx)	سوراخ‌ها، سوراخا^△ (surâx-hấ, surâxấ^△)
definitive direct object	سوراخ را، سوراخ رو^△ (surâx râ, surâxo^△)	سوراخ‌ها را، سوراخا رو^△ (surâx-hấ râ, surâxấ ro^△)
ezâfe	سوراخ (surâx-e)	سوراخ‌های، سوراخای^△ (surâx-hấ-ye, surâxấ-ye^△)
marked indefinite or relative definite	سوراخی (surâx-i)	سوراخ‌هایی، سوراخایی^△ (surâxấn-i, surâx-hấ-i, surâxấi^△)

^△ Colloquial.

Possessive forms of
	singular	plural
1^st person singular (“my”)	سوراخم (surâxam)	سوراخ‌هایم، سوراخ‌هام، سوراخام^△ (surâx-hấyam, surâxấm^△)
2^nd person singular (“your”)	سوراخت (surâxat)	سوراخ‌هایت، سوراخ‌هات، سوراخات^△ (surâx-hấyat, surâxất^△)
3^rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	سوراخش (surâxaš)	سوراخ‌هایش، سوراخ‌هاش، سوراخاش^△ (surâx-hấyaš, surâxấš^△)
1^st plural (“our”)	سوراخمان، سوراخمون^△ (surâxemân, surâxemun^△)	سوراخ‌هایمان، سوراخ‌هامون، سوراخامون^△ (surâx-hấyemân, surâxấmun^△)
2^nd plural (“your”)	سوراختان، سوراختون^△ (surâxetân, surâxetun^△)	سوراخ‌هایتان، سوراخ‌هاتون، سوراخاتون^△ (surâx-hấyetân, surâxấtun^△)
3^rd plural (“their”)	سوراخشان، سوراخشون^△ (surâxešân, surâxešun^△)	سوراخ‌هایشان، سوراخ‌هاشون، سوراخاشون^△ (surâx-hấyešân, surâxấšun^△)

^△ Colloquial.

Predicative forms of سوراخ (surâx)
	singular	plural
1^st person (“I am, we are”)	سوراخم (surâxam)	سوراخیم (surâxim)
2^nd person (“you are”)	سوراخی (surâxi)	سوراخید (surâxid) سوراخین ^△ (surâxin)
3^rd person (“he/she/it is, they are”)	سوراخ است (surâx ast) سوراخه ^△ (surâxe)	سوراخند (surâxand) سوراخن ^△ (surâxan)
^△ Colloquial.

^ Miller, Corey, Livingston, Jace, Vinson, Mark, Triebwasser Prado, Thomas (2014) Persian Dialects: As Spoken in Iran‎^[1], University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language, page 14: “Peisikov (1960, section 25) notes several words with /r/ in the standard language that can be pronounced with /l/ in Tehrani: دیوار 'wall' /dival/, برق 'electricity' /bälɣ/, سوراخ 'hole' /sulax/.”