سرمه

See also: سرمہ

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Turkish sürmek (“to draw along, rub, smear”) or inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [suɾ.ma]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊɾ.mä]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊɾ.mä]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sʊɾ.mä]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [suɾ.mä]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [soɹ.me]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [suɾ.mä]

Readings
Classical reading?	surma
Dari reading?	surma
Iranian reading?	sorme
Tajik reading?	surma

Noun

Dari	سرمه
Iranian Persian
Tajik	сурма

سرمه • (sorme)

1. kohl, collyrium
2. antimony

Derived terms

• سرمه‌ای (sorme-'i)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: sürmə
• → Bengali: সুরমা (śuroma)
• → Crimean Tatar: sürme
• → Gujarati: સુરમો (surmo)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सुरमा (surmā)

  Urdu: سرمہ

  • → English: soorma
• → Ottoman Turkish: سرمه
  • Turkish: sürme
• → Tatar: сөрмә (sörmä)
  • → Russian: сурьма́ (surʹmá)
• → Uzbek: surma

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian *sarmag, from Proto-Iranian *caranáh, which gave rise to Arabic سَرْمَق (sarmaq, “orach”) and Classical Syriac ܣܪܡܓ (srmg, “orach”).

The forms سرمج (sarmaj) and سرمق (sarmaq) are from Arabic. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [saɾ.ma]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säɾ.mä]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [säɾ.mä]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [säɾ.mä]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [säɾ.mä]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæɹ.me]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [säɾ.mä]

Readings
Classical reading?	sarma
Dari reading?	sarma
Iranian reading?	sarme
Tajik reading?	sarma

Noun

سرمه • (sarme)

1. orach

Alternative forms

• سرم (sarm), سرمک (sarmak), سرمخ (sarmax), سرمج (sarmaj), سرمق (sarmaq), سلمه (salme)

References

• “srmg”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 922b
• Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28)‎^[1], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 227
• Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎^[2] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 337
• Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)‎^[3] (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 159 Nr. 466
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سرمه”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul