رستم

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian رستم (rostam).

Proper noun

رستم • (rustam) m

1. (Iranian mythology) Rostam, the greatest hero of Iranian mythology
2. a male given name, Rustam, from Persian

Further reading

• Aslanov, M. G. (1985) “رستم”, in Puštu-russkij slovarʹ [Pashto–Russian Dictionary], 2nd edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk

Persian

Dari	رستم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	Рустам

رستم در حال کشتن اژدها (rostam dar hâl-e koštan-e aždahâ, “Rostam slaying the dragon”)

Etymology

From Middle Persian lwtsthm (/⁠rōdstahm⁠/), from Middle Persian lwd (/⁠rōd⁠/, “river”, whence modern رود (rud)) and stʾhmb (/⁠stahm⁠/, “force, power”, whence ستم (setam, “injustice, tyranny”)), i.e. “strong as a river”. Akin to Old Armenian Առոստոմ (Aṙostom), Ռոստոմ (Ṙostom), Ռաստոմ (Ṙastom), from Middle Iranian.

Firdawsī’s great epic, the Shāhnāma, gives the name a folk etymology from رستم (rastam, “I escaped”), because the hero was born by Caesarean section.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾus.ˈtam]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rʊs.t̪ʰǽm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rʊs.t̪ʰǽm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [rʊs.t̪ʰǽm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [rus.t̪ʰǽm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹos.t̪ʰǽm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾus.t̪ʰǽm]

Readings
Classical reading?	rustam
Dari reading?	rustam
Iranian reading?	rostam
Tajik reading?	rustam

Proper noun

رستم • (rostam)

1. (Iranian mythology) Rostam, the greatest hero of Iranian mythology
2. a male given name, Rostam or Rustam, from Middle Persian

Derived terms

• رستم‌پور (rostam-pur)

 

Descendants

• → Arabic: رُسْتُم (rustum)
• → Azerbaijani: Rüstəm
• → Bashkir: Рөстәм (Röstəm)
• → Chagatai: رستم (Rustäm)
  • Uyghur: رۇستەم (rustem)
  • Uzbek: Rustam
• → Georgian: როსტომი (rosṭomi)
• → Gujarati: રૂસ્તમ (rūstam), રુસ્તમ (rustam)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: रुस्तम (rustam)

  Urdu: رستم (rustam)

• → Kazakh: Рүстем (Rüstem)
• → Ottoman Turkish: رستم (Rüstem)
  • Turkish: Rüstem
  • → Albanian: Rustem
  • → Russian: Рустем (Rustem)
• → Tatar: Рөстәм (Röstäm)
• → Turkmen: Rüstem

Noun

رستم • (rostam)

1. (figurative) great hero

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɾʊs.t̪əm/

Noun

رستم • (rustam) m (Hindi spelling रुस्तम)

1. knight, champion