خطمي

See also: خطمی

Arabic

Alternative forms

• خِتْمِيّ (ḵitmiyy), خَتْمِيّ (ḵatmiyy)

Etymology

Preparations from the marshmallow have been used for preparations to wash the head, so it appears to be relative noun (nisba) composed of خَطْم (ḵaṭm, “the nose and the mouth, snout”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), though such a use of nisba is not common and it does not explain the variation with ت (t) instead of ط (ṭ); maybe originally from Aramaic חלמיתא / ܚܠܡܝܬܐ (ḥlamītā) / ܚܠܡܬܐ (ḥlamtā, “alkanet, Anchusa officinalis”) with which there have been mutual mistranslations. Clearly now Hebrew חֶלְמִית (ḥelmī́ṯ) is used for mallows, the Malva genus and species.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xitˤ.mijj/, /xatˤ.mijj/

Noun

خِطْمِيّ or خَطْمِيّ • (ḵiṭmiyy or ḵaṭmiyy) m (collective, singulative خِطْمِيَّة f (ḵiṭmiyya) or خَطْمِيَّة (ḵaṭmiyya))

1. a marshmallow (Althaea gen. et spp.)
2. a confectionery marshmallow
3. a rosemallow (Hibiscus gen. et spp.)

   Synonym: كَرْكَدِيه (karkadīh)

4. a hollyhock (Alcea gen. et spp.)

   Synonym: سِرَاج القُطْرُب (sirāj al-quṭrub)

Declension

Declension of noun خِطْمِيّ (ḵiṭmiyy)‎; خَطْمِيّ (ḵaṭmiyy)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خِطْمِي‎; خَطْمِي ḵiṭmī‎; ḵaṭmī	الْخِطْمِي‎; الْخَطْمِي al-ḵiṭmī‎; al-ḵaṭmī	خِطْمِي‎; خَطْمِي ḵiṭmī‎; ḵaṭmī
Nominative	خِطْمِيٌّ‎; خَطْمِيٌّ ḵiṭmiyyun‎; ḵaṭmiyyun	الْخِطْمِيُّ‎; الْخَطْمِيُّ al-ḵiṭmiyyu‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyu	خِطْمِيُّ‎; خَطْمِيُّ ḵiṭmiyyu‎; ḵaṭmiyyu
Accusative	خِطْمِيًّا‎; خَطْمِيًّا ḵiṭmiyyan‎; ḵaṭmiyyan	الْخِطْمِيَّ‎; الْخَطْمِيَّ al-ḵiṭmiyya‎; al-ḵaṭmiyya	خِطْمِيَّ‎; خَطْمِيَّ ḵiṭmiyya‎; ḵaṭmiyya
Genitive	خِطْمِيٍّ‎; خَطْمِيٍّ ḵiṭmiyyin‎; ḵaṭmiyyin	الْخِطْمِيِّ‎; الْخَطْمِيِّ al-ḵiṭmiyyi‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyi	خِطْمِيِّ‎; خَطْمِيِّ ḵiṭmiyyi‎; ḵaṭmiyyi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خِطْمِيَّة‎; خَطْمِيَّة ḵiṭmiyya‎; ḵaṭmiyya	الْخِطْمِيَّة‎; الْخَطْمِيَّة al-ḵiṭmiyya‎; al-ḵaṭmiyya	خِطْمِيَّة‎; خَطْمِيَّة ḵiṭmiyyat‎; ḵaṭmiyyat
Nominative	خِطْمِيَّةٌ‎; خَطْمِيَّةٌ ḵiṭmiyyatun‎; ḵaṭmiyyatun	الْخِطْمِيَّةُ‎; الْخَطْمِيَّةُ al-ḵiṭmiyyatu‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyatu	خِطْمِيَّةُ‎; خَطْمِيَّةُ ḵiṭmiyyatu‎; ḵaṭmiyyatu
Accusative	خِطْمِيَّةً‎; خَطْمِيَّةً ḵiṭmiyyatan‎; ḵaṭmiyyatan	الْخِطْمِيَّةَ‎; الْخَطْمِيَّةَ al-ḵiṭmiyyata‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyata	خِطْمِيَّةَ‎; خَطْمِيَّةَ ḵiṭmiyyata‎; ḵaṭmiyyata
Genitive	خِطْمِيَّةٍ‎; خَطْمِيَّةٍ ḵiṭmiyyatin‎; ḵaṭmiyyatin	الْخِطْمِيَّةِ‎; الْخَطْمِيَّةِ al-ḵiṭmiyyati‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyati	خِطْمِيَّةِ‎; خَطْمِيَّةِ ḵiṭmiyyati‎; ḵaṭmiyyati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خِطْمِيَّتَيْن‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْن ḵiṭmiyyatayn‎; ḵaṭmiyyatayn	الْخِطْمِيَّتَيْن‎; الْخَطْمِيَّتَيْن al-ḵiṭmiyyatayn‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyatayn	خِطْمِيَّتَيْ‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْ ḵiṭmiyyatay‎; ḵaṭmiyyatay
Nominative	خِطْمِيَّتَانِ‎; خَطْمِيَّتَانِ ḵiṭmiyyatāni‎; ḵaṭmiyyatāni	الْخِطْمِيَّتَانِ‎; الْخَطْمِيَّتَانِ al-ḵiṭmiyyatāni‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyatāni	خِطْمِيَّتَا‎; خَطْمِيَّتَا ḵiṭmiyyatā‎; ḵaṭmiyyatā
Accusative	خِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ ḵiṭmiyyatayni‎; ḵaṭmiyyatayni	الْخِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎; الْخَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ al-ḵiṭmiyyatayni‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyatayni	خِطْمِيَّتَيْ‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْ ḵiṭmiyyatay‎; ḵaṭmiyyatay
Genitive	خِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ ḵiṭmiyyatayni‎; ḵaṭmiyyatayni	الْخِطْمِيَّتَيْنِ‎; الْخَطْمِيَّتَيْنِ al-ḵiṭmiyyatayni‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyatayni	خِطْمِيَّتَيْ‎; خَطْمِيَّتَيْ ḵiṭmiyyatay‎; ḵaṭmiyyatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خِطْمِيَّات‎; خَطْمِيَّات ḵiṭmiyyāt‎; ḵaṭmiyyāt	الْخِطْمِيَّات‎; الْخَطْمِيَّات al-ḵiṭmiyyāt‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyāt	خِطْمِيَّات‎; خَطْمِيَّات ḵiṭmiyyāt‎; ḵaṭmiyyāt
Nominative	خِطْمِيَّاتٌ‎; خَطْمِيَّاتٌ ḵiṭmiyyātun‎; ḵaṭmiyyātun	الْخِطْمِيَّاتُ‎; الْخَطْمِيَّاتُ al-ḵiṭmiyyātu‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyātu	خِطْمِيَّاتُ‎; خَطْمِيَّاتُ ḵiṭmiyyātu‎; ḵaṭmiyyātu
Accusative	خِطْمِيَّاتٍ‎; خَطْمِيَّاتٍ ḵiṭmiyyātin‎; ḵaṭmiyyātin	الْخِطْمِيَّاتِ‎; الْخَطْمِيَّاتِ al-ḵiṭmiyyāti‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyāti	خِطْمِيَّاتِ‎; خَطْمِيَّاتِ ḵiṭmiyyāti‎; ḵaṭmiyyāti
Genitive	خِطْمِيَّاتٍ‎; خَطْمِيَّاتٍ ḵiṭmiyyātin‎; ḵaṭmiyyātin	الْخِطْمِيَّاتِ‎; الْخَطْمِيَّاتِ al-ḵiṭmiyyāti‎; al-ḵaṭmiyyāti	خِطْمِيَّاتِ‎; خَطْمِيَّاتِ ḵiṭmiyyāti‎; ḵaṭmiyyāti

Descendants

• → Middle Armenian: խաթմի (xatʻmi)
• → Persian: خطمی, ختمی
  • → Punjabi: ਖਤਮੀ (khatmī)
• → Ottoman Turkish: خطمی (hatmi, hatmı)
  • Turkish: hatmi
  • → Middle Armenian: հաթմի (hatʻmi)

References

• Freytag, Georg (1830) “خطمي”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 503
• Kahl, Oliver (2011 June 27) “The Pharmacological Tables of Rhazes”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, number 2, →DOI, page 379 footnote 84, declares it a genuine Arabic word
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “خطمي”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 768
• Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden‎^[3] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 292–295
• Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[4] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 230–233
• “ḥlmh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “ḥlmwn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “خطمي”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 288
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “خطمي”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[5] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 347