جهود

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yhwt' /⁠jahūd⁠/, “Jew”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒa.ˈhuːð], [d͡ʒu.ˈhuːð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒo̞.ɦóːd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒo̞.ɦóːd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊ.wóːd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒu.wʊ́ːd̪̥]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒo.ɦúːd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒo.ɦúːd̪̥]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuː.ɦúːd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒu.ɦɵ́d̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	jahūḏ, juhūḏ
Dari reading?	johōd
Iranian reading?	johud
Tajik reading?	juhüd

Noun

جهود • (johud) (plural جهودان (johudân) or جهود‌ها (johud-hâ))

1. (now offensive, ethnic slur) Jew; (as a slur) yid, kike

   Synonyms: یهود (yahud), کلیمی (kalimi)

   • c. 1126, Abū'l-Fażl Rašīd-ud-Dīn Maybudī, کشف الاسرار و عدة الابرار‎^[1]:

     و مفسران گفتند این آن گه بود که مصطفی در مدینه شد و جهودان مدینه را بر دین اسلام خواند، و طمع در اسلام ایشان بست و همچنین جماعتی از انصار بودند در مدینه که ایشان را با جهودان نزدیکی بود […]

     u mufassirān guftand īn ān gah būd ki mustafā dar madīna šud u juhūdān-i madīna rā bar dīn-i islām xwānd, u tam' dar islām-i ēšān bast u hamčunīn jamā'atē az ansār būdand dar madīna ki ēšān rā bā juhūdān nazdīkī būd […]

     And the exegetes said this is when Muṣṭafā [Muhammad] went to Medina, called the Jews of Medina to the religion of Islam, and hoped for their conversion, and in addition, there was a group of Anṣār [converted local Arabs] in Medina who were close to the Jews […]

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Usage notes

• This word is now offensive.

Descendants

• Judeo-Tat: çuhur
  • ⇒ Judeo-Tat: çuhuri
    • → English: Juhuri, Juwuri, Juvuri
• → Azerbaijani: cuhud
• → Middle Armenian: ջհուտ (ǰhut), ջհուդ (ǰhud), ջֆուտ (ǰfut)
  • Armenian: ջհուդ (ǰhud)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: जहूद (jahūd)

  Urdu: جَہُود (jahūd)

• → Kipchak: ǵuhut
• → Ottoman Turkish: چفوت (çıfut), چفود (çıfud)
  • Turkish: Çıfıt
  • → Aromanian: cifut
  • → Albanian: çifut
  • → Bulgarian: чифу́т (čifút)
  • → Czech: Čifut
  • → Greek: τσιφούτης (tsifoútis)
  • → Romanian: ciufut
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Latin script: Čìfutin

    Cyrillic script: Чѝфутин

  • → Slovene: Čífut

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “ǰahūd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press