جفا

Arabic

Root
ج ف و (j f w)
4 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.faː/

Verb

جَفَا • (jafā) I (non-past يَجْفُو (yajfū), verbal noun جَفْو (jafw) or جَفَاء (jafāʔ))

1. to become crude, coarse, churlish, rough, unkind (in dealing with others)

   مَنْ بَدَا جَفَا ― man badā jafā ― He who abides in the desert, becomes coarse.

2. to treat harshly
3. to not keep to its place, to heave, to rise, to become withdrawn

   جَفَا جَنْبُهُ عَنِ الفِرَاشِ ― jafā janbuhu ʕani l-firāši ― His side didn't rest, was restless.

   جَفَا السَّرْجُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الفَرَسِ ― jafā as-sarju ʕan ẓahri l-farasi ― The saddle didn't keep to its place on the back of the horse.

4. to turn away from, to shun, to withdraw from

   جَفَا الرَّجُلَ ― jafā ar-rajula ― He turned away from the man; He shunned the man.

   لَمَّا قَلَّ مَالِي جَفَانِي إِخْوَانِي ― lammā qalla mālī jafānī ʔiḵwānī ― When my property became little, my brethren withdrew from me.

5. to drive away

   جَفَت القِدْر زَبَدَهَا ― jafat al-qidr zabadahā ― the pot cast forth its froth.

   جَفَا السَيْل ― jafā as-sayl ― the torrent drove away (things in its course).

6. (garment or cloth) to be thick, coarse, rough

Conjugation

    Conjugation of جَفَا (I, final-weak, a ~ u, full passive, verbal nouns جَفْو, جَفَاء)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						جَفْو, جَفَاء jafw, jafāʔ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						جَافٍ jāfin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَجْفُوّ majfuww
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جَفَوْتُ jafawtu	جَفَوْتَ jafawta	جَفَا jafā		جَفَوْتُمَا jafawtumā	جَفَوَا jafawā		جَفَوْنَا jafawnā	جَفَوْتُمْ jafawtum	جَفَوْا jafaw
	f		جَفَوْتِ jafawti	جَفَتْ jafat			جَفَتَا jafatā			جَفَوْتُنَّ jafawtunna	جَفَوْنَ jafawna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَجْفُو ʔajfū	تَجْفُو tajfū	يَجْفُو yajfū		تَجْفُوَانِ tajfuwāni	يَجْفُوَانِ yajfuwāni		نَجْفُو najfū	تَجْفُونَ tajfūna	يَجْفُونَ yajfūna
	f		تَجْفِينَ tajfīna	تَجْفُو tajfū			تَجْفُوَانِ tajfuwāni			تَجْفُونَ tajfūna	يَجْفُونَ yajfūna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَجْفُوَ ʔajfuwa	تَجْفُوَ tajfuwa	يَجْفُوَ yajfuwa		تَجْفُوَا tajfuwā	يَجْفُوَا yajfuwā		نَجْفُوَ najfuwa	تَجْفُوا tajfū	يَجْفُوا yajfū
	f		تَجْفِي tajfī	تَجْفُوَ tajfuwa			تَجْفُوَا tajfuwā			تَجْفُونَ tajfūna	يَجْفُونَ yajfūna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَجْفُ ʔajfu	تَجْفُ tajfu	يَجْفُ yajfu		تَجْفُوَا tajfuwā	يَجْفُوَا yajfuwā		نَجْفُ najfu	تَجْفُوا tajfū	يَجْفُوا yajfū
	f		تَجْفِي tajfī	تَجْفُ tajfu			تَجْفُوَا tajfuwā			تَجْفُونَ tajfūna	يَجْفُونَ yajfūna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُجْفُ ujfu			اُجْفُوَا ujfuwā				اُجْفُوا ujfū
	f		اُجْفِي ujfī							اُجْفُونَ ujfūna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	جُفِيتُ jufītu	جُفِيتَ jufīta	جُفِيَ jufiya		جُفِيتُمَا jufītumā	جُفِيَا jufiyā		جُفِينَا jufīnā	جُفِيتُمْ jufītum	جُفُوا jufū
	f		جُفِيتِ jufīti	جُفِيَتْ jufiyat			جُفِيَتَا jufiyatā			جُفِيتُنَّ jufītunna	جُفِينَ jufīna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُجْفَى ʔujfā	تُجْفَى tujfā	يُجْفَى yujfā		تُجْفَيَانِ tujfayāni	يُجْفَيَانِ yujfayāni		نُجْفَى nujfā	تُجْفَوْنَ tujfawna	يُجْفَوْنَ yujfawna
	f		تُجْفَيْنَ tujfayna	تُجْفَى tujfā			تُجْفَيَانِ tujfayāni			تُجْفَيْنَ tujfayna	يُجْفَيْنَ yujfayna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُجْفَى ʔujfā	تُجْفَى tujfā	يُجْفَى yujfā		تُجْفَيَا tujfayā	يُجْفَيَا yujfayā		نُجْفَى nujfā	تُجْفَوْا tujfaw	يُجْفَوْا yujfaw
	f		تُجْفَيْ tujfay	تُجْفَى tujfā			تُجْفَيَا tujfayā			تُجْفَيْنَ tujfayna	يُجْفَيْنَ yujfayna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُجْفَ ʔujfa	تُجْفَ tujfa	يُجْفَ yujfa		تُجْفَيَا tujfayā	يُجْفَيَا yujfayā		نُجْفَ nujfa	تُجْفَوْا tujfaw	يُجْفَوْا yujfaw
	f		تُجْفَيْ tujfay	تُجْفَ tujfa			تُجْفَيَا tujfayā			تُجْفَيْنَ tujfayna	يُجْفَيْنَ yujfayna

Persian

Alternative forms

• جفاء (jafâ')

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَفَاء (jafāʔ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒa.ˈfɑː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.fɑ́ː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.fɑ́ː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.fɑ́ː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.fɔ́ː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæ.fɒ́ː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.fɔ́]

Readings
Classical reading?	jafā
Dari reading?	jafā
Iranian reading?	jafâ
Tajik reading?	jafo

Noun

Dari	جفا
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷафо

جفا • (jafâ)

1. disloyalty, betrayal of trust
2. cruelty; injustice; oppression
   • ز فروردین از محمدتقی بهار (Ze Farvardin, Mohammad-Taqi Bahâr)

     دل بلبل نازک است, ای گل
     دل او را از جفا مشکن

     del-e bolbol nâzok ast, ey gol
     del-e u râ az jafâ mašekan

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • یار جانی

     گل زردم
     همه دردم
     ز جفایت شکوه نکردم

     gol-e zardam
     hame dardam
     ze jafâyat šekve nakardam

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • Mohammad Reza Rahmani

     وفا نکردی و کردم، جفا ندیدی و دیدم
     شکستی و نشکستم، بریدی و نبریدم

     vafâ nakardi o kardam, jafâ nadidi o didam
     šekasti o našekastam, boridi o naboridam

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• جفا کردن (jafâ kardan)
• جفا پیشه (jafâ piše)

Descendants

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਜਫਾ (japhā)

  Shahmukhi script: جفا (jafā)