انفعال

Arabic

Root
ف ع ل (f ʕ l)
21 terms

Etymology

Verbal noun of اِنْفَعَلَ (infaʕala).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in.fi.ʕaːl/
• Rhymes: -aːl

Noun

اِنْفِعَال • (infiʕāl) m (plural اِنْفِعَالَات (infiʕālāt))

1. verbal noun of اِنْفَعَلَ (infaʕala) (form VII)
2. excitement, commotion, agitation
3. passivity
4. (biology) stimulation
5. feasibility, practicableness
6. evil impression

Declension

Declension of noun اِنْفِعَال (infiʕāl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	اِنْفِعَال infiʕāl	الِانْفِعَال al-infiʕāl	اِنْفِعَال infiʕāl
Nominative	اِنْفِعَالٌ infiʕālun	الِانْفِعَالُ al-infiʕālu	اِنْفِعَالُ infiʕālu
Accusative	اِنْفِعَالًا infiʕālan	الِانْفِعَالَ al-infiʕāla	اِنْفِعَالَ infiʕāla
Genitive	اِنْفِعَالٍ infiʕālin	الِانْفِعَالِ al-infiʕāli	اِنْفِعَالِ infiʕāli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	اِنْفِعَالَيْن infiʕālayn	الِانْفِعَالَيْن al-infiʕālayn	اِنْفِعَالَيْ infiʕālay
Nominative	اِنْفِعَالَانِ infiʕālāni	الِانْفِعَالَانِ al-infiʕālāni	اِنْفِعَالَا infiʕālā
Accusative	اِنْفِعَالَيْنِ infiʕālayni	الِانْفِعَالَيْنِ al-infiʕālayni	اِنْفِعَالَيْ infiʕālay
Genitive	اِنْفِعَالَيْنِ infiʕālayni	الِانْفِعَالَيْنِ al-infiʕālayni	اِنْفِعَالَيْ infiʕālay
Plural	sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	اِنْفِعَالَات infiʕālāt	الِانْفِعَالَات al-infiʕālāt	اِنْفِعَالَات infiʕālāt
Nominative	اِنْفِعَالَاتٌ infiʕālātun	الِانْفِعَالَاتُ al-infiʕālātu	اِنْفِعَالَاتُ infiʕālātu
Accusative	اِنْفِعَالَاتٍ infiʕālātin	الِانْفِعَالَاتِ al-infiʕālāti	اِنْفِعَالَاتِ infiʕālāti
Genitive	اِنْفِعَالَاتٍ infiʕālātin	الِانْفِعَالَاتِ al-infiʕālāti	اِنْفِعَالَاتِ infiʕālāti

Descendants

• → Persian: انفعال (enfe'âl)
• → Ottoman Turkish: انفعال (infial)
  • Turkish: infial

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “انفعال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “فعل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic اِنْفِعَال (infiʕāl).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔin.fi.ˈʔɑːl]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪɱ.fe̞.ʔɑ́ːl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪɱ.fe̞.ʔɑ́ːl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪɱ.fi.jɑ́ːl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔiɱ.fi.jɔ́ːl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔeɱ.fe.ʔɒ́ːl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔiɱ.fi.ʔɔ́l]

Readings
Classical reading?	infi'āl
Dari reading?	infe'āl
Iranian reading?	enfe'âl
Tajik reading?	infiʾol

Noun

انفعال • (enfe'âl)

1. reaction

   Synonyms: واکنش (vâkoneš), عکس العمل (akso-l-'amal)

   Antonym: فعل (fe'l, “action”)

2. shame

   Synonym: شرم (šarm)

   Antonym: افتخار (eftexâr)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “انفعال”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim