افسار

Khalaj

Noun

اَفسار (afsâr) (definite accusative اَفسارؽ, plural اَفسارلار)

1. Arabic spelling of afsâr (“halter”)

Declension

Declension of افسار

	singular	plural
nominative	افسار	افسارلار
genitive	افسارؽݧ	افسارلارؽݧ
dative	افسارقا	افسارلارقا
definite accusative	افسارؽ	افسارلارؽ
locative	افسارچا	افسارلارچا
ablative	افساردا	افسارلاردا
instrumental	افسارلا	افسارلارلا
equative	افساروارا	افسارلاروارا

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian افسار (afsâr).

Noun

افسار • (efsar)

1. halter, a bitless headpiece of rope or straps, placed on the head of horses to lead or tie them

   Synonyms: جلبور (cılbur), دیزگین (dizgin), كمند (kemend), یولار (yular)

2. headstall, the part of a bridle that fits over a horse's head and supports other elements

Descendants

• Turkish: efsar

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “efsar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1370
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Capistrum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[2], Vienna, column 147
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “افسار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 319
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “افسار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 157

Persian

Alternative forms

• فسار (fasâr)
• اوسار (owsâr) (dialectal, Shiraz)

Etymology

From Middle Persian *afsār, whence borrowed Classical Syriac ܐܲܦܣܵܪܵܐ (ʾap̄sārā), Jewish Literary Aramaic אַפִסָרָא (ʾap̄isārā) and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אַפְסָרָא (ʾap̄sārā), אַפְסִירָא (ʾap̄sīrā). Cognate to Mazanderani اسار (osâr), Central Kurdish هەوسار (hewsar) and Northern Kurdish hevser. Apparently Ancient Greek ψάλιον (psálion, “curb chain”), ψαλόν (psalón, “a kind of bridle”), ψέλιον (psélion, “a kind of anklet worn by the Persians”) are also Iranian borrowings.

See also Arabic إِبْزِيم (ʔibzīm, “clasp”) and Arabic أَبْزَار (ʔabzār), Old Armenian օճառ (ōčaṙ, “harness”) and the terms linked there for possibly the same stem with a different ending.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔa.ˈfsɑːɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ˈfsɑːɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ˈfsɑːɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ˈfsɑːɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ˈfsɔːɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæ.ˈfsɒːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.ˈfsɔɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	afsār
Dari reading?	afsār
Iranian reading?	afsâr
Tajik reading?	afsor

Noun

Dari	افسار
Iranian Persian
Tajik	афсор

افسار • (afsâr)

1. curb chain; (loosely) bridle, harness, headstall, curb, rein
2. (figurative) curb, restraint, check
3. (figurative) reins, discipline

Descendants

• Romani: ašvar
• → Azerbaijani: əfsar, ovsar
• → Kazakh: әбзел (äbzel)
• → Khalaj: afsâr
• → Ottoman Turkish: افسار (efsar)
• → Turkmen: owsar
• → Uzbek: ovsar

References

• “ˀpsrˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 23 Nr. 97
• Levy, Jacob (1867) Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim und einen großen Theil des rabbinischen Schriftthums‎^[5] (in German), Leipzig: Verlag von Baumgärtners Buchhandlung, page 54b
• Müller, Friedrich (1894) “Pahlawi, neupersische und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 8, page 357
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “افسار”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 82
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “فسار”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 928
• Vullers, Johann August (1855) “افسار”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[6] (in Latin), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 112a
• Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “فَسار”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[7] (in Latin), volume 2, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 680a