ألا

See also: آلا, إلا, and الا

Arabic

Etymology 1

From أَنْ (ʔan) +‎ لَا (lā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔal.laː/

Conjunction

أَلَّا • (ʔallā)

1. negate a verb if the following verb is in subjunctive

   قَرَّرْتُ أَلَّا أَعْمَلَ فِيهِ

   qarrartu ʔallā ʔaʕmala fīhi

   I decided not to work in it.

2. lest, that [...] not, in order that [...] not, so as not to

Etymology 2

From أَ (ʔa) +‎ لَا (lā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔa.laː/

Particle

أَلَا • (ʔalā)

1. do/does ... not, don't/doesn't (negative interrogative particle)

   أَلَا تَعْرِفُ مَنْ هُوَ؟

   ʔalā taʕrifu man huwa?

   Do you not know who he is?

Particle

أَلَا • (ʔalā)

1. verily, truly, indeed, oh yes!

   Synonym: أَمَا (ʔamā)

Etymology 3

Root
ء ل و (ʔ l w)
7 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔa.laː/

Verb

أَلَا • (ʔalā) I (non-past يَأْلُو (yaʔlū), verbal noun أَلْو (ʔalw) or أُلُوّ (ʔuluww) or أُلِيّ (ʔuliyy))

1. to neglect to do, to fail to do, not to do [with فِي (fī) ‘something’]
2. to desist, to refrain [with فِي (fī) ‘from something’]
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 33, Art. 9, page 673:

     فإذا أَرَدتَ فتح عرق أو وداج فخذ المبضع بين إصبعك الإبهام والسبّابة كأخذك القلم للكتابة به وليكن نصابه في راحتك وتخرج من رأسه خارج طرفي إصبعك المذكورين قدر طول ظفر إبهامك وأقلّ من ذلك إلى قدر نصف ظفر إبهامك ثم أفتح العرق إلى فوق شقّا بليغا برفق وخفّة. وأمّا التوديج يالقضيب وهو معلوم فتركب فيه المبضع وتخرج من طرفه خارج من القضيب قدر طول ظفر إبهامك، ولا تعجل بالضرب بالمبضع حتّى تقف على العرق بعينه وخاصة الوداجين، ولا تودّج حتّى تستوثق من الدابّة بالشكل والزيار ليألُ يضطرب وتختنق الدابّة بالخناق خنقا شديدا ليدرّ العرق. فإنّ ذلك موضوع خبيث وإن جاوزت يدك ربّما أصاب المبضع عرق الماء وهو المريء الدابّة فقتله.

     If you want to open a vein or jugular, take the scalpel between your thumb and index finger, take it like you take the quill for writing with it, so that its grip is in your palm, and you turn away from its head outwith the two tips of your said fingers by a length of the nail of your thumb and less than that by a half of the nail of your thumb, then you open the vein upwards making a sufficient cut with gentleness and levity. And what concerns the cutting the jugular with the known rod, you mount the scalpel in it and you move away from the rod’s tip by the length of the nail of your thumb, but don’t hasten with hitting with the scalpel until you have discerned the vein by its eye, particularly the two jugulars, and don’t do a jugular cut until you have provided for the security of the beast by hopples and a twitch, so you do not agitate or suffocate the beast at its throat by excessive choking, so the vein flows with abundance. This part being particularly perilous, if your hand go to far then the scalpel could hit the water vein [or windpipe], that is the oesophaghus of the beast, and it would kill it.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of أَلَا (I, final-weak, a ~ u, impersonal passive, verbal nouns أَلْو, أُلُوّ, أُلِيّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						أَلْو, أُلُوّ, أُلِيّ ʔalw, ʔuluww, ʔuliyy
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						آلٍ ʔālin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَأْلُوّ maʔluww
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أَلَوْتُ ʔalawtu	أَلَوْتَ ʔalawta	أَلَا ʔalā		أَلَوْتُمَا ʔalawtumā	أَلَوَا ʔalawā		أَلَوْنَا ʔalawnā	أَلَوْتُمْ ʔalawtum	أَلَوْا ʔalaw
	f		أَلَوْتِ ʔalawti	أَلَتْ ʔalat			أَلَتَا ʔalatā			أَلَوْتُنَّ ʔalawtunna	أَلَوْنَ ʔalawna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	آلُو ʔālū	تَأْلُو taʔlū	يَأْلُو yaʔlū		تَأْلُوَانِ taʔluwāni	يَأْلُوَانِ yaʔluwāni		نَأْلُو naʔlū	تَأْلُونَ taʔlūna	يَأْلُونَ yaʔlūna
	f		تَأْلِينَ taʔlīna	تَأْلُو taʔlū			تَأْلُوَانِ taʔluwāni			تَأْلُونَ taʔlūna	يَأْلُونَ yaʔlūna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	آلُوَ ʔāluwa	تَأْلُوَ taʔluwa	يَأْلُوَ yaʔluwa		تَأْلُوَا taʔluwā	يَأْلُوَا yaʔluwā		نَأْلُوَ naʔluwa	تَأْلُوا taʔlū	يَأْلُوا yaʔlū
	f		تَأْلِي taʔlī	تَأْلُوَ taʔluwa			تَأْلُوَا taʔluwā			تَأْلُونَ taʔlūna	يَأْلُونَ yaʔlūna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	آلُ ʔālu	تَأْلُ taʔlu	يَأْلُ yaʔlu		تَأْلُوَا taʔluwā	يَأْلُوَا yaʔluwā		نَأْلُ naʔlu	تَأْلُوا taʔlū	يَأْلُوا yaʔlū
	f		تَأْلِي taʔlī	تَأْلُ taʔlu			تَأْلُوَا taʔluwā			تَأْلُونَ taʔlūna	يَأْلُونَ yaʔlūna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُؤْلُ uʔlu			اُؤْلُوَا uʔluwā				اُؤْلُوا uʔlū
	f		اُؤْلِي uʔlī							اُؤْلُونَ uʔlūna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	أُلِيَ ʔuliya		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُؤْلَى yuʔlā		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُؤْلَى yuʔlā		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُؤْلَ yuʔla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

References

• Freytag, Georg (1830) “ألا”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 48–49, 52
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ألا”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 75–77, 83–84
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ألا”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 27–28, 30