ألا
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Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]أَلَّا • (ʔallā)
- negate a verb if the following verb is in subjunctive
- قَرَّرْتُ أَلَّا أَعْمَلَ فِيهِ
- qarrartu ʔallā ʔaʕmala fīhi
- I decided not to work in it.
- lest, that [...] not, in order that [...] not, so as not to
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Particle
[edit]أَلَا • (ʔalā)
- do/does ... not, don't/doesn't (negative interrogative particle)
- أَلَا تَعْرِفُ مَنْ هُوَ؟
- ʔalā taʕrifu man huwa?
- Do you not know who he is?
Particle
[edit]أَلَا • (ʔalā)
Etymology 3
[edit]Root |
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ء ل و (ʔ l w) |
7 terms |
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]أَلَا • (ʔalā) I (non-past يَأْلُو (yaʔlū), verbal noun أَلْو (ʔalw) or أُلُوّ (ʔuluww) or أُلِيّ (ʔuliyy))
- to neglect to do, to fail to do, not to do [with فِي (fī) ‘something’]
- to desist, to refrain [with فِي (fī) ‘from something’]
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام, edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة, volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 33, Art. 9, page 673:
- فإذا أَرَدتَ فتح عرق أو وداج فخذ المبضع بين إصبعك الإبهام والسبّابة كأخذك القلم للكتابة به وليكن نصابه في راحتك وتخرج من رأسه خارج طرفي إصبعك المذكورين قدر طول ظفر إبهامك وأقلّ من ذلك إلى قدر نصف ظفر إبهامك ثم أفتح العرق إلى فوق شقّا بليغا برفق وخفّة. وأمّا التوديج يالقضيب وهو معلوم فتركب فيه المبضع وتخرج من طرفه خارج من القضيب قدر طول ظفر إبهامك، ولا تعجل بالضرب بالمبضع حتّى تقف على العرق بعينه وخاصة الوداجين، ولا تودّج حتّى تستوثق من الدابّة بالشكل والزيار ليألُ يضطرب وتختنق الدابّة بالخناق خنقا شديدا ليدرّ العرق. فإنّ ذلك موضوع خبيث وإن جاوزت يدك ربّما أصاب المبضع عرق الماء وهو المريء الدابّة فقتله.
- If you want to open a vein or jugular, take the scalpel between your thumb and index finger, take it like you take the quill for writing with it, so that its grip is in your palm, and you turn away from its head outwith the two tips of your said fingers by a length of the nail of your thumb and less than that by a half of the nail of your thumb, then you open the vein upwards making a sufficient cut with gentleness and levity. And what concerns the cutting the jugular with the known rod, you mount the scalpel in it and you move away from the rod’s tip by the length of the nail of your thumb, but don’t hasten with hitting with the scalpel until you have discerned the vein by its eye, particularly the two jugulars, and don’t do a jugular cut until you have provided for the security of the beast by hopples and a twitch, so you do not agitate or suffocate the beast at its throat by excessive choking, so the vein flows with abundance. This part being particularly perilous, if your hand go to far then the scalpel could hit the water vein [or windpipe], that is the oesophaghus of the beast, and it would kill it.
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
أَلْو, أُلُوّ, أُلِيّ ʔalw, ʔuluww, ʔuliyy | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
آلٍ ʔālin | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَأْلُوّ maʔluww | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | أَلَوْتُ ʔalawtu |
أَلَوْتَ ʔalawta |
أَلَا ʔalā |
أَلَوْتُمَا ʔalawtumā |
أَلَوَا ʔalawā |
أَلَوْنَا ʔalawnā |
أَلَوْتُمْ ʔalawtum |
أَلَوْا ʔalaw | |||
f | أَلَوْتِ ʔalawti |
أَلَتْ ʔalat |
أَلَتَا ʔalatā |
أَلَوْتُنَّ ʔalawtunna |
أَلَوْنَ ʔalawna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | آلُو ʔālū |
تَأْلُو taʔlū |
يَأْلُو yaʔlū |
تَأْلُوَانِ taʔluwāni |
يَأْلُوَانِ yaʔluwāni |
نَأْلُو naʔlū |
تَأْلُونَ taʔlūna |
يَأْلُونَ yaʔlūna | |||
f | تَأْلِينَ taʔlīna |
تَأْلُو taʔlū |
تَأْلُوَانِ taʔluwāni |
تَأْلُونَ taʔlūna |
يَأْلُونَ yaʔlūna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | آلُوَ ʔāluwa |
تَأْلُوَ taʔluwa |
يَأْلُوَ yaʔluwa |
تَأْلُوَا taʔluwā |
يَأْلُوَا yaʔluwā |
نَأْلُوَ naʔluwa |
تَأْلُوا taʔlū |
يَأْلُوا yaʔlū | |||
f | تَأْلِي taʔlī |
تَأْلُوَ taʔluwa |
تَأْلُوَا taʔluwā |
تَأْلُونَ taʔlūna |
يَأْلُونَ yaʔlūna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | آلُ ʔālu |
تَأْلُ taʔlu |
يَأْلُ yaʔlu |
تَأْلُوَا taʔluwā |
يَأْلُوَا yaʔluwā |
نَأْلُ naʔlu |
تَأْلُوا taʔlū |
يَأْلُوا yaʔlū | |||
f | تَأْلِي taʔlī |
تَأْلُ taʔlu |
تَأْلُوَا taʔluwā |
تَأْلُونَ taʔlūna |
يَأْلُونَ yaʔlūna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اُؤْلُ uʔlu |
اُؤْلُوَا uʔluwā |
اُؤْلُوا uʔlū |
||||||||
f | اُؤْلِي uʔlī |
اُؤْلُونَ uʔlūna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | أُلِيَ ʔuliya |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | يُؤْلَى yuʔlā |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | يُؤْلَى yuʔlā |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | يُؤْلَ yuʔla |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
References
[edit]- Freytag, Georg (1830) “ألا”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 48–49, 52
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “ألا”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[2], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 75–77, 83–84
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “ألا”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 27–28, 30
Categories:
- Arabic compound terms
- Arabic 2-syllable words
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- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic conjunctions
- Arabic palindromes
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- Arabic terms belonging to the root ء ل و
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- Arabic final-weak form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with ء as first radical
- Arabic form-I verbs with و as third radical
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel u
- Arabic verbs with impersonal passive
- Arabic subjunctive particles
- Arabic negatives
- Arabic interrogative particles