آکڑ

Pahari-Potwari

Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (*ākkaḍa).

Noun

آکَڑ (ākaṛ) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਕੜ)

1. arrogance, conceit (excessive self-esteem)

Further reading

• شِیراز ،طاہِر [Tahir, Shiraz] (2016) “آکڑ”, in شِیراز اُلُّغات: پوٹھوہارِی لُغَت [śīrāz ulluġāt: poṭhohārī luġat, Pothohari Dictionary] (in Urdu), Peshawar: گَنْدھارا ہِنْدْکو اَکیڈْمِی (gandhārā hindko akeḍmī) [Gandhara Hindko Academy], →ISBN, page 6, column 2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ākkaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 45

Punjabi

Etymology

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (*ākkaḍa). Cognate to Saraiki آکِڑ (ākuṛu), Sindhi آڪُڙُ (ākuṛu) / آڪَڙِ (ākaṛi), Urdu اَکَڑ (akaṛ) / Hindi अकड़ (akaṛ), Marathi अकड (akaḍ), Gujarati અકડ (akaḍ) and Nepali अक्कर (akkar).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /äː.kəɽ/, [äː.kɐɽᵊ]

Noun

آکَڑ • (ākaṛ) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਕੜ)

1. arrogance, conceit (excessive self-esteem; disregard for the opinions of others)

   Synonym: گُھمَنْڈ (ghumanḍ)

2. crookedness, stiffness (state of being stiff; tightness)

Declension

Declension of آکڑ
dir. sg.	آکَڑ (ākaṛ)
dir. pl.	آکَڑاں (ākaṛāṉ)
	singular	plural
direct	آکَڑ (ākaṛ)	آکَڑاں (ākaṛāṉ)
oblique	آکَڑ (ākaṛ)	آکَڑاں (ākaṛāṉ)
vocative	آکَڑے (ākaṛe)	آکَڑو (ākaṛo)
ablative	آکَڑوں (ākaṛoṉ)	آکَڑاں (ākaṛāṉ)
locative	آکَڑے (ākaṛe)	آکَڑِیں (ākaṛīṉ)
instrumental	آکَڑِیں (ākaṛīṉ)	آکَڑے (ākaṛe)

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “آکڑ”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
• “ਆਕੜ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*ākkaḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 45