آسمان

See also: اسمان

Baluchi

Alternative forms

• آزمان (ázmán)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Akin to Persian آسمان (âsmân), Sanskrit अश्मन् (áśman).

Noun

آسمان • (ásmán)

1. sky

Kalami

Etymology

Probably from Classical Persian آسمان (āsmān).

Noun

آسمان (āsmān) m

1. sky

Khalaj

Noun

آسمان (âsmân, âsimân) (definite accusative آسِمانؽ or آسمانئ, plural آسِمانلار or آسمانلار)

1. Arabic spelling of âsmân, âsimân (“sky”)

Declension

Declension of آسمان

	singular	plural
nominative	آسمان	آسمانلار
genitive	آسمانؽݧ	آسمانلارؽݧ
dative	آسمانقا	آسمانلارقا
definite accusative	آسمانؽ	آسمانلارؽ
locative	آسمانچا	آسمانلارچا
ablative	آسماندا	آسمانلاردا
instrumental	آسمانلا	آسمانلارلا
equative	آسمانوارا	آسمانلاروارا

Khowar

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā

Proto-Iranian *Hácmā

Old Median *asmābor.

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 (a-s-m-a-n-m)

Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Khowar آسمان

Borrowed from Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān).

Noun

آسمان (asmán)

1. sky

References

• Elena Bashir, Maula Nigah, Rahmat Karim Baig (2022) “آسمان”, in A digital Khowar-English dictionary with audio‎^[1], second edition, Chicago, I.L.: South Asia Language and Area Center, University of Chicago, archived from the original on 2023-01-19.

Persian

Alternative forms

• آسمون (âsemun) (colloquial Tehrani)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā

Proto-Iranian *Hácmā

Old Median *asmābor.

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 (a-s-m-a-n-m)

Persian آسمان

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭮𐭬𐭠𐭭 (ʾsmʾn /⁠āsmān⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 (asmānam), from Proto-Iranian *Hácmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Cognate with Sanskrit अश्मन् (áśman).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːs.(i).mɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːs.(ɪ).mɑːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːs.(ɪ).mɑːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːs.(ɪ).mɑːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔːs.(i).mɔːn]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːs.(e).mɒːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːs.(e).mɒːn]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːs.(e).muːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɔs.(i).mɔn]

Readings
Classical reading?	ās(i)mān
Dari reading?	ās(i)mān
Iranian reading?	âs(e)mân
Tajik reading?	os(i)mon

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːn

Noun

Dari	آسمان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	осмон

آسمان • (âsmân or âsemân) (plural آسمان‌ها (âsmân-hâ, âsemân-hâ))

1. sky

   آسمان ابری ― -âsmân-e abri ― cloudy sky

   آسمان آبی ― -âsmân-e âbi ― blue sky

   • 1732—1733, Lāla Amānat Rāy, “جلوه ذات [Jelve-ye Zât]”, in Stefano Pellò, transl., Black Curls in a Mirror: The Eighteenth-Century Persian Kṛṣṇa of Lāla Amānat Rāy’s Jilwa-yi ẕāt and the Tongue of Bīdil, International Journal of Hindu Studies (2018) 22:

     به سطح آسمان انبوه اختر نمایان در طبق چون مشت گوهر

     be sath-e âsmân anbuh-e axtar nomâyân dar tabq čon mošt-e gowhar

     On the surface of the sky, a myriad of stars were showing themselves on a plate like a handful of pearls.

2. (literary) heaven

   Synonym: بهشت (behešt)

Derived terms

• آسمانرنگ (âsmânrang)
• آسمانگون (âsmângun)
• آسمانی (âsmâni)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: asiman
• → Bengali: আসমান (āsman)
• → Chagatai: آڛمان
  • Uyghur: ئاسمان (asman)
  • Uzbek: osmon
• → Dungan: асмон (asmon) (perhaps via Chagatai)
• → Gujarati: આસમાન (āsamān)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: आसमान (āsmān)

  Urdu: آسمان (āsmān)

  • → Khowar: آسمان (asmán)

• → Kalami: آسمان (āsmān)
• → Kazakh: аспан (aspan) (perhaps via Chagatai)
• → Kermanic: آسمون (ā̊semūn, āsɛmūn)
• → Khalaj: âsmân
• → Kyrgyz: асман (asman) (perhaps via Chagatai)
• → Marathi: अस्मान (asmān)
• → Nepali: अस्मान (asmān)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਅਸਮਾਨ (asamān)

  Shahmukhi script: آسمان (āsmān)

• → Marwari: असमाण (asmāṇ)
• → Sindhi: آسمان (āsmān)
• → Sivandi: āsemān
• → Turkmen: asman
• → Yagnobi: осмон (osmon)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسمان (āsmān).

Noun

آسمان • (āsmān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਸਮਾਨ)

1. sky

Synonyms

• آکاش (ākāś), گگن (gagan)

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسمان (āsmān).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɑsmɑnʊ]

Noun

آسمانُ • (āsmānu) ? (Devanagari आस्मानु)

1. sky

   Synonyms: آڪاس (ākāsu), اُڀُ (ubhu), گَگَنُ (gaganu)

2. heaven

Derived terms

• آسمانيِ (āsmānī, “heavenly, azure”)

Urdu

The seven celestial realms of Islamic Heaven (Jannat) with the seventh and highest being Firdos.

Alternative forms

• آسْمَاں (āsmā̃) — poetic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā

Proto-Iranian *Hácmā

Old Median *asmābor.

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 (a-s-m-a-n-m)

Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān)

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān). First attested in c. 1421 as Middle Hindi آسمان (āsman /⁠āsmān⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɑːs.mɑːn/
• Rhymes: -ɑːn
• Hyphenation: آس‧مان

Noun

آسْمَان • (āsmān) m (Hindi spelling आसमान)

1. sky

   Synonyms: فَلَک (falak), آکاش (ākāś)

2. heaven, skies

   Synonyms: بَہِشْت (bahiśt), جَنَّت (jannat), فِرْدَوس (firdaus), سْوَرْگ (svarg)

3. (Islamic cosmology) celestial sphere, firmament; one of the seven heavens

Declension

Declension of آسمان

	singular	plural
direct	آسْمان (āsmān)	آسْمان (āsmān)
oblique	آسْمان (āsmān)	آسْمانوں (āsmānõ)
vocative	آسْمان (āsmān)	آسْمانو (āsmāno)

Derived terms

• آسْمَانی (āsmānī, “heavenly”)

Further reading

• “آسمان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
• Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024) “آسمان”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]

Ushojo

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā

Proto-Iranian *Hácmā

Old Median *asmābor.

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 (a-s-m-a-n-m)

Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Ushojo آسمان

Borrowed from Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān).

Noun

آسمان (āsmān)

1. sky