ء ث م

Arabic

Etymology

Cognate with Hebrew א־ש־ם (ʾ-š-m) and Ugaritic 𐎀𐎘𐎎 (ảṯm, “to be in debt for”). The origin, beyond its mere presence during Central Semitic unity, is unknown. A relation with و ث م (w-ṯ-m), which refers to some basic idea of compaction, comminution and paucity, is possible: compare the root relation of إِبِل (ʔibil).

Root

ء ث م • (ʔ-ṯ-m)

1. related to acts which retard from recompense, hence sin

Derived terms

Verbs and verb derivatives

• Form I: أَثِمَ (ʔaṯima, “to act in a manner that retards from recompense, to sin”)
  • Verbal noun: إِثْم (ʔiṯm), أَثَام (ʔaṯām), مَأْثَم (maʔṯam)
  • Active participle: ?
• Form II: أَثَّمَ (ʔaṯṯama, “to make or consider a sinner”)
  • Verbal noun: تَأْثِيم (taʔṯīm)
  • Active participle: مُؤَثِّم (muʔaṯṯim)
  • Passive participle: مُؤَثَّم (muʔaṯṯam)
• Form IV: آثَمَ (ʔāṯama, “to make fall into sin”)
  • Verbal noun: إِيثَام (ʔīṯām)
  • Active participle: مُؤْثِم (muʔṯim)
  • Passive participle: مُؤْثَم (muʔṯam)
• Form V: تَأَثَّمَ (taʔaṯṯama, “to become sinful”)
  • Verbal noun: تَأَثُّم (taʔaṯṯum)
  • Active participle: مُتَأَثِّم (mutaʔaṯṯim)

• أَثِيم (ʔaṯīm), آثُوم (ʔāṯūm) as also آثِم (ʔāṯim, “sinful”)
• أَثِيم (ʔaṯīm), أَثِيمَة (ʔaṯīma, “the habitual commission of acts which retard from recompense”)
• آثِمَة (ʔāṯima, “a tardy she-camel”)

References

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 12
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “ء ث م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 14; see Freytag, Georg (1837) “و ث م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 435b–436a
• Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 206
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ء ث م”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 21–22
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ء ث م”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 6a