טרף

Aramaic

Verb

טרף • (transliteration needed)

1. to strike, to knock
2. to tire, to wear out

Hebrew

Root
ט־ר־ף (ṭ-r-p)
4 terms

Noun

טֶרֶף • (téref) m

1. prey
   • Tanach, Numbers 23:24, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     הֶן־עָם כְּלָבִיא יָקוּם וְכַאֲרִי יִתְנַשָּׂא לֹא יִשְׁכַּב עַד־יֹאכַל טֶרֶף וְדַם־חֲלָלִים יִשְׁתֶּה׃

     hen am k'laví yakúm v'kha'arí yotnasá lo yishkáv ad yokhál téref v'dam khalalím yishté

     Behold a people that riseth up as a lioness, and as a lion doth he lift himself up; he shall not lie down until he eat of the prey, and drink the blood of the slain.

   • a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 47b:

     מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ צָרֵי עַיִן וְטוֹרְפֵי טֶרֶף

     misherabú tsaré áyin v'torfé téref

     since the increase of those of inimical eye and tearers of prey

2. food
   • Tanach, Psalms 111:5, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     טֶרֶף נָתַן לִירֵאָיו יִזְכֹּר לְעוֹלָם בְּרִיתוֹ׃

     téref natán lire'áv; yizkór l'olám britó

     He hath given food unto them that fear Him; He will ever be mindful of His covenant.

Verb

טָרַף • (taráf) (pa'al construction, passive counterpart נִטְרַף)

1. to murder, devour, to tear into.
   • Tanach, Genesis 37:33, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וַיַּכִּירָהּ וַיֹּאמֶר כְּתֹנֶת בְּנִי חַיָּה רָעָה אֲכָלָתְהוּ טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹסֵף׃

     vayakiráh vayomér k'tónet b'ní khayá ra'á akhaláthu taróf toráf yoséf

     And he knew it, and said: ‘It is my son’s coat; an evil beast hath devoured him; Joseph is without doubt torn in pieces.’

   • a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 47b:

     מִשֶּׁרַבּוּ צָרֵי עַיִן וְטוֹרְפֵי טֶרֶף

     misherabú tsaré áyin v'torfé téref

     since the increase of those of inimical eye and tearers of prey

2. to beat, scramble, or shuffle

Conjugation

Conjugation of טָרַף (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 

non-finite forms		to-infinitive: לטרוף / לִטְרֹף action noun: טְרִיפָה passive participle: טָרוּף
finite forms		singular		plural
		m.	f.	m.	f.
past	first	טָרַפְתִּי		טָרַפְנוּ
	second	טָרַפְתָּ	טָרַפְתְּ	טְרַפְתֶּם1	טְרַפְתֶּן1
	third	טָרַף	טָרְפָה	טָרְפוּ
present		טוֹרֵף	טוֹרֶפֶת	טוֹרְפִים	טוֹרְפוֹת
future	first	אטרוף / אֶטְרֹף		נטרוף / נִטְרֹף
	second	תטרוף / תִּטְרֹף	תִּטְרְפִי	תִּטְרְפוּ	תטרופנה / תִּטְרֹפְנָה2
	third	יטרוף / יִטְרֹף	תטרוף / תִּטְרֹף	יִטְרְפוּ	תטרופנה / תִּטְרֹפְנָה2
imperative		טרוף / טְרֹף	טִרְפִי	טִרְפוּ	טרופנה / טְרֹפְנָה2
notes		Pronounced טָרַפְתֶּם and טָרַפְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Adjective

טָרֵף • (taréf) (feminine טְרֵפָה, masculine plural טְרֵפִים, feminine plural טְרֵפוֹת)

1. treyf, non-kosher (forbidden according to halakhic practice)

References

• “טרף” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

Anagrams

• טפר, פ־ט־ר