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խորշակ

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Armenian

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Old Armenian խորշակ (xoršak).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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խորշակ (xoršak) (literary)

  1. hot wind, parching wind

Declension

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i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative խորշակ (xoršak) խորշակներ (xoršakner)
dative խորշակի (xoršaki) խորշակների (xoršakneri)
ablative խորշակից (xoršakicʻ) խորշակներից (xoršaknericʻ)
instrumental խորշակով (xoršakov) խորշակներով (xoršaknerov)
locative խորշակում (xoršakum) խորշակներում (xoršaknerum)
definite forms
nominative խորշակը/խորշակն (xoršakə/xoršakn) խորշակները/խորշակներն (xoršaknerə/xoršaknern)
dative խորշակին (xoršakin) խորշակներին (xoršaknerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative խորշակս (xoršaks) խորշակներս (xoršakners)
dative խորշակիս (xoršakis) խորշակներիս (xoršakneris)
ablative խորշակիցս (xoršakicʻs) խորշակներիցս (xoršaknericʻs)
instrumental խորշակովս (xoršakovs) խորշակներովս (xoršaknerovs)
locative խորշակումս (xoršakums) խորշակներումս (xoršaknerums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative խորշակդ (xoršakd) խորշակներդ (xoršaknerd)
dative խորշակիդ (xoršakid) խորշակներիդ (xoršaknerid)
ablative խորշակիցդ (xoršakicʻd) խորշակներիցդ (xoršaknericʻd)
instrumental խորշակովդ (xoršakovd) խորշակներովդ (xoršaknerovd)
locative խորշակումդ (xoršakumd) խորշակներումդ (xoršaknerumd)

Old Armenian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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A Middle Iranian borrowing. Compare Manichaean Parthian 𐫍𐫇𐫢𐫀𐫃 (hwšʾg /⁠hōšāg⁠/, hot wind, parching wind, literally drying), which is from the same root as Persian خوشیدن (xošidan, to grow dry; to shrivel; to burn, parch). To explain the -որ- (-or-) a contamination with a reflex of Proto-Iranian *húHar (sun) is assumed.

Aghwan 𐕀𐕒𐔽𐔰𐕣 (xoˁak) and Old Georgian ხორშაკი (xoršaḳi), Georgian ხორშა (xorša), are from the same source.

Noun

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խորշակ (xoršak)

  1. hot wind, parching wind
    • 5th century, Bible, Deuteronomy 28.22:[1]
      Հարցէ զքեզ Տէր տարակուսանօք եւ ջերմամբ եւ սարսռով․ եւ խթիւք եւ երկիղիւ եւ խորշակաւ եւ գունով․ եւ հալածեսցեն զքեզ մինչեւ կորուսցեն զքեզ
      Harcʻē zkʻez Tēr tarakusanōkʻ ew ǰermamb ew sarsṙov; ew xtʻiwkʻ ew erkiłiw ew xoršakaw ew gunov; ew halacescʻen zkʻez minčʻew koruscʻen zkʻez
      • Translation by Brenton Septuagint Translation
        May the Lord strike you with difficulty and fever and cold and irritation and murder and with blight and paleness, and they shall pursue you until they destroy you.
    • 5th century, Bible, Job 27.21:[2]
      Առցէ զնա խորշակ եւ գնասցէ, եւ հոսեսցէ զնա ի տեղւոջէ իւրմէ:
      Aṙcʻē zna xoršak ew gnascʻē, ew hosescʻē zna i tełwoǰē iwrmē:
      • Translation by Claude E. Cox
        Burning wind will take him up, and he will depart.

Usage notes

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Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Armenian: խորշակ (xoršak) (learned)

References

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  1. ^ Cox, Claude E. (1981) The Armenian translation of Deuteronomy (Armenian texts and studies; 2)‎[1], University of Pennsylvania: Scholars Press, pages 184–185
  2. ^ Cox, Claude E. (2006) Armenian Job: reconstructed Greek text, critical edition of the Armenian with English translation (Hebrew University Armenian studies; 8), Leuven – Paris – Dudley, MA: Peeters, pages 180–181

Further reading

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  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “խորշակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “խորշ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 410b, unaware of the Middle Persian form tentatively connects with Biblical Hebrew חרישי (xarīšī, perhaps sultry), a hapax occurring in Jonah 9:8
  • Gippert, Jost (2009) “An Etymological Trifle”, in Werner Sundermann et al., editors, Exegisti monumenta. Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams (Iranica; 17)‎[2], Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pages 127–140
  • Gippert, Jost (2017) “Armeno-Albanica II: Exchanging doves”, in Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen et al., editors, Usque ad radices: Indo-European studies in honour of Birgit Anette Olsen (Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European; 8)‎[3], Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, page 181
  • Korn, Agnes, Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2009) “Parthian seen from a Balochi Perspective”, in Studia Iranica, volume 38, number 1, →DOI, pages 9–10
  • Korn, Agnes, Olsen, Birgit Anette (2012) “On Armenian -agin: additional evidence for a third West Middle Iranian dialect?”, in Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft[4], volume 66, number 2, pages 208–209
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 245, 885
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “խորշակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy