գորգ

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Armenian

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Old Armenian գորգ (gorg).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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գորգ • (gorg)

  1. carpet
    Synonyms: խալի (xali), կարպետ (karpet)

Declension

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i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative գորգ (gorg) գորգեր (gorger)
dative գորգի (gorgi) գորգերի (gorgeri)
ablative գորգից (gorgicʻ) գորգերից (gorgericʻ)
instrumental գորգով (gorgov) գորգերով (gorgerov)
locative գորգում (gorgum) գորգերում (gorgerum)
definite forms
nominative գորգը/գորգն (gorgə/gorgn) գորգերը/գորգերն (gorgerə/gorgern)
dative գորգին (gorgin) գորգերին (gorgerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative գորգս (gorgs) գորգերս (gorgers)
dative գորգիս (gorgis) գորգերիս (gorgeris)
ablative գորգիցս (gorgicʻs) գորգերիցս (gorgericʻs)
instrumental գորգովս (gorgovs) գորգերովս (gorgerovs)
locative գորգումս (gorgums) գորգերումս (gorgerums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative գորգդ (gorgd) գորգերդ (gorgerd)
dative գորգիդ (gorgid) գորգերիդ (gorgerid)
ablative գորգիցդ (gorgicʻd) գորգերիցդ (gorgericʻd)
instrumental գորգովդ (gorgovd) գորգերովդ (gorgerovd)
locative գորգումդ (gorgumd) գորգերումդ (gorgerumd)

Derived terms

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Old Armenian

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Etymology

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Usually considered a word of unknown origin.[1][2]

Probably related to Chechen горгам (gorgam), горгум (gorgum, “floorcloth; rag for cleaning the gun after lubrication”), Tabasaran гъюаь́ргъв (ġjuá̱rġ°, “rag”), гъяргъ (ġjarġ), гъяргъвяр (ġjarġ°jar, “rags”), Lezgi кьваркь (q̇varq̇, “rag”). For the Nakh forms listed here a derivation from the Nakh word for ‘round; circle’ has been suggested: compare Chechen горга (gorga, “round”), го (go, “circle”),[3] but this may be a folk etymology.

Perhaps the Northeast Caucasian and Armenian are borrowed from Iranian: compare Central Kurdish بەرگ (berg, “clothing, cover”), ultimately from the Iranian root which gave վարտիք (vartikʻ).

Noun

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գորգ • (gorg)

  1. rag, floorcloth
    Synonym: կապերտ (kapert)
    • 8th century, Stepʻannos Siwnecʻi, Meknutʻiwn Kʻerakanin [Commentary on Grammar] :[4][5]
      Իսկ փաղանունք ասին, որ են զոյգ անուանք․ անիւ և ճղուղ, առեղ և աւարտք, հեւան եւ դանդանք, կունդք եւ ականոց, հեց եւ բոյթ, կապերտ եւ գորգ, ձի եւ դզի, երամակապան եւ կուտպան, բիր եւ մահակ, որոց բնութիւն մի եւ անուանք այլ։
      Isk pʻałanunkʻ asin, or en zoyg anuankʻ; aniw ew čłuł, aṙeł ew awartkʻ, hewan ew dandankʻ, kundkʻ ew akanocʻ, hecʻ ew boytʻ, kapert ew gorg, ji ew dzi, eramakapan ew kutpan, bir ew mahak, orocʻ bnutʻiwn mi ew anuankʻ ayl.

Usage notes

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The only attested passage is the commentary on the grammar of Dionysius Thrax, where գորգ (gorg) appears in a list of synonym pairs with կապերտ (kapert, “rag”), which would develop later into կարպետ (karpet, “carpet, rug”). Based on this passage the dictionaries gloss գորգ (gorg) as ‘carpet’, and the modern literary language has learnedly adopted it as the usual designation for ‘carpet’. The word is not recorded in the dialects. The new Northeast Caucasian parallels prove that the more precise and correct meaning is ‘rag, floorcloth’.

Descendants

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  • → Armenian: գորգ (gorg)

References

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  1. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գորգ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 583b
  2. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “գորգ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 169b
  3. ^ Osmajev, M. K. (2016) Čečency: obyčai, tradicii, obrjady (istorikokulʹturnyje aspekty problemy). Monografija [The Chechens: Customs, traditions, rituals (The historical and cultural aspects of the problem). A monograph]‎[1], Grozny: Izdatelʹstvo FGBOU VO «Čečenskij gosudarstvennyj universitet», →ISBN, page 73, without the Armenian
  4. ^ Adonc, N. (1915) Дионисий Фракийский и армянские толкователи [Dionysius Thrax and Armenian commentators] (Bibliotheca Armeno-Georgica; 4), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 209
  5. ^ Adoncʻ, Nikoġayos (2008) Erker. hat. G., Hayerenagitakan usumnasirutʻyunner [Works. Volume III, Armenian Language Studies]‎[2] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press, page 209

Further reading

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  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “գորգ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎[3] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 313, deriving from Hittite [script needed] (kurka-), glossing it as ‘cover’
  • Ġapʻancʻyan, Grigor (1961) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun. Hin šrǰan [History of the Armenian Language. Ancient Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 170, comparing with Hittite [script needed] (kurka-), glossing it as ‘cover’
  • Ġazaryan, Ṙuben, Avetisyan, Henrik (2009) “գորգ”, in Miǰin hayereni baṙaran [Dictionary of Middle Armenian] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 148a
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “գորգ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Simon, Zsolt (2013) “Die These der hethitisch-luwischen Lehnwörter im Armenischen: eine kritische Neubetrachtung”, in International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction‎[4] (in German), volume 10, number 2, page 104, rejecting the Hittite etymology, because nowadays the Hittite word is understood to mean ‘foal, colt’; see Persian کره (korre)
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