хлѣбе

Old Novgorodian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xlě̀bъ, borrowed from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. First attested in c. 1100‒1120. Cognate with Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), Old Ruthenian хлѣбъ (xlěb), Russian хлеб (xleb), Old Church Slavonic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), Polish chleb.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: хлѣ‧бе

Noun

хлѣбе • (xlěbe) m^[1]

bread
- c. 1160‒1180, Kovalev, Roman K., transl., Берестяная грамота № 731 [Birchbark letter no. 731]‎^[2], Novgorod:
  … а кодь ти мнѣ хльбь тꙋ и тобѣ
  … a kodĭ ti mně xlĭbĭ tu i tobě
  And where there is bread for me, there is also [bread] for you.
- c. 1180‒1200, Берестяная грамота № 983 [Birchbark letter no. 983]‎^[3], Novgorod:
  … а [х]льбь мои ⁞ а мьдуо …
  … a [x]lĭbĭ moi ⁞ a mĭdu …
  … and my bread. And honey…
grain
- c. 1100‒1120, Schaeken, Jos (2019) Voices on Birchbark (SSGL; 43)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, transl., Берестяная грамота № 424 [Birchbark letter no. 424]‎^[5], Novgorod:
  … продавъше дворъ идите же сѣмо смольньску ли кꙑевоу ли : дешеве ти хлебе : али не идете а присъте ми грамотичу сторови ли есте
  … prodavŭše dvorŭ idite že sěmo smolĭnĭsku li kyjevu li : deševe ti xlebe : ali ne idete a prisŭte mi gramotiću storovi li jeste
  After selling the farm, come (plural) here, either to Smolensk or to Kiev. Grain is cheap. If you don't come, send me a note (saying) whether you are well.
- c. 1360‒1380, Берестяная грамота № 697 [Birchbark letter no. 697]‎^[6], Novgorod:
  … · а еще мене ꙁаꙁва(лъ) ---родъ · а рка · такъ ꙁа тобою · хлѣбъ мои · и жи(во)тъ · вѣсь …
  … · a jeśće mene zazva(lŭ) ---rodŭ · a rka · takŭ za toboju · xlěbŭ moi · i ži(vo)tŭ · věsĭ …
  And he also called me …, saying: “My grain and all my property are yours.”
- c. 1410‒1420, Берестяная грамота № 19 [Birchbark letter no. 19]‎^[7], Novgorod:
  … а судъно ѥсть у мене а хлѣб[ѣ] сухѣи су и тъ саме ѿпраꙁновавъ да поѥдь сѣмъ а хлѣбе ꙁдѣсе в …
  … a sudŭno jestĭ u mene a xlěb[jě] suxěi su i tŭ same otŭpraznovavŭ da pojedĭ sěmŭ a xlěbe zděse v …
  And I have a vessel and dry grain, and you yourself, remembering, come here. And the grain is here …
- c. 1420‒1430, Берестяная грамота № 352 [Birchbark letter no. 352]‎^[8], Novgorod:
  … · гн҃е хлѣбо велѣло … (пу)стошомо · іно тото хлѣбо гн҃е · крѣстьꙗне перемо(лотили) …
  … · gn:je xlěbo velělo … (pu)stošomo · ino toto xlěbo gn:je · krěstĭjane peremo(lotili) …
  The grain, sir, which you ordered [to thresh on the wastelands], that grain, sir, the peasants threshed …

References

^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎^[1] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 814

Old Novgorodian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Further reading