сумрак

Bulgarian

сумрак

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sǫmorkъ. By surface analysis, су- (su-) +‎ мрак (mrak, “dusk”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsumrɐk]

Noun

су́мрак • (súmrak) m

1. (uncountable) dusk, twilight, gloaming, half-light

Declension

Declension of су́мрак

	singular
indefinite	су́мрак súmrak
definite (subject form)	су́мракът súmrakǎt
definite (object form)	су́мрака súmraka

Related terms

• полумра́к (polumrák) (literally: “half-dusk”)

References

• “сумрак”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “сумрак”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Russian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic сѫмракъ (sǫmrakŭ), from Proto-Slavic *sǫmorkъ. Displaced native Old East Slavic суморокъ (sumorokŭ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsumrək]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

су́мрак • (súmrak) m inan (genitive су́мрака, nominative plural су́мраки, genitive plural су́мраков)

1. twilight, dusk, duskiness
2. gloom

Declension

Declension of су́мрак (inan masc-form velar-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	су́мрак súmrak	су́мраки súmraki
genitive	су́мрака súmraka	су́мраков súmrakov
dative	су́мраку súmraku	су́мракам súmrakam
accusative	су́мрак súmrak	су́мраки súmraki
instrumental	су́мраком súmrakom	су́мраками súmrakami
prepositional	су́мраке súmrake	су́мраках súmrakax

Synonyms

• полумра́к (polumrák), полутьма́ (polutʹmá), темь (temʹ), потемки (potemki)

Derived terms

• су́мрачный (súmračnyj)

Related terms

• мрак (mrak), полумра́к (polumrák), су́мерки (súmerki)
• мра́чный (mráčnyj), су́меречный (súmerečnyj)
• смерка́ться (smerkátʹsja)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сумрак”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sǫmorkъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sûmraːk/
• Hyphenation: су‧мрак

Noun

су̏мра̄к m (Latin spelling sȕmrāk)

1. dusk
2. twilight

Declension

Declension of сумрак

	singular	plural
nominative	сумрак	сумраци
genitive	сумрака	сумрака
dative	сумраку	сумрацима
accusative	сумрак	сумраке
vocative	сумраче	сумраци
locative	сумраку	сумрацима
instrumental	сумраком	сумрацима

Related terms

• су́тон

Further reading

• “сумрак”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025