страва

Belarusian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian стра́ва (stráva), from Old East Slavic сътра́ва (sŭtráva), from Proto-Slavic *sъtrava.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈstrava]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

стра́ва • (stráva) f inan (genitive стра́вы, nominative plural стра́вы, genitive plural страў)

1. (dated, uncountable) food (any solid substance that can be consumed by living organisms, especially by eating, in order to sustain life)

   Synonyms: е́жа (jéža), яда́ (jadá), ха́рч (xárč)

   • 1937 [1719], Daniel Defoe, translated by Зяма Раманавіч Півавараў, edited by Janka Maŭr, Жыццё і дзіўныя небывалыя прыгоды Рабінзона Крузо [The life and astonishing adventures of Robinson Crusoe], Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Robinson Crusoe, page 21:

     Было, вядома, прыемна перамагчы такога звера, але мяса яго не ўжывалася ў страву, і я вельмі шкадаваў, што мы папсавалі тры зарады на гэтую бескарысную дзічыну.

     Byló, vjadóma, pryjemna pjeramahčy takóha zvjera, alje mjasa jahó nje ŭžyvalasja ŭ stravu, i ja vjelʹmi škadavaŭ, što my papsavali try zarady na hetuju bjeskarysnuju dzičynu.

     [original: This was game indeed to us, but this was no food; and I was very sorry to lose three charges of powder and shot upon a creature that was good for nothing to us.]

     It was naturally pleasant to defeat such a beast, but its meat had no use as food, and I was very sorry to waste three charges of powder on such a useless game.

   • 1940 [1882], Mark Twain, translated by Janka Maŭr, Прынц і жабрак, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Prince and the Pauper, page 171:

     Ласункі Гендон пакідаў для караля: без іх яго вялікасць, магчыма, не выжыў-бы, бо ён не мог есці грубую, агідную страву, якую прыносіў турэмшчык.

     Lasunki Hjendón pakidaŭ dlja karalja: bjez ix jahó vjalikascʹ, mahčyma, nje vyžyŭ-by, bo jon nje moh jesci hrubuju, ahidnuju stravu, jakuju prynósiŭ turemščyk.

     [original: Hendon reserved the dainties for the king; without them his majesty might not have survived, for he was not able to eat the coarse and wretched food provided by the jailer.]

2. dish (specific type of prepared food)
   • 1938 [1848], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Домбі і сын, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Dombey and Son, page 269:

     З'яўленне лакеяў з новымі стравамі прымусіла маёра зрабіцца яшчэ хітрэйшым, але і сур'ёзнейшым.

     Zʺjaŭljennje lakjejaŭ z nóvymi stravami prymusila majóra zrabicca jašče xitrejšym, alje i surʺjóznjejšym.

     [original: The entrance of the waiters with new dishes caused the Major to be slyer yet, but in a more serious vein.]

3. course (stage of a meal)
   • 1938 [1848], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Домбі і сын, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Dombey and Son, page 268:

     За першай і другой стравай маёр звычайна бываў сур'ёзны, бо тубылец, выконваючы тайны загад, акружаў яго прыбор рознастайнымі соусамі і бутэлечкамі, і маёр быў не на жарты заняты, выцягваючы коркі і змешваючы тое што ў іх было на сваёй талерцы.

     Za pjeršaj i druhój stravaj majór zvyčajna byvaŭ surʺjózny, bo tubyljec, vykónvajučy tajny zahad, akružaŭ jahó prybór róznastajnymi sóusami i butelječkami, i majór byŭ nje na žarty zanjaty, vycjahvajučy kórki i zmješvajučy tóje što ŭ ix byló na svajój taljercy.

     [original: During the first course or two, the Major was usually grave; for the Native, in obedience to general orders, secretly issued, collected every sauce and cruet round him, and gave him a great deal to do, in taking out the stoppers, and mixing up the contents in his plate.]

Declension

Declension of стра́ва (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	стра́ва stráva	стра́вы strávy
genitive	стра́вы strávy	страў straŭ
dative	стра́ве strávje	стра́вам strávam
accusative	стра́ву strávu	стра́вы strávy
instrumental	стра́вай, стра́ваю strávaj, strávaju	стра́вамі strávami
locative	стра́ве strávje	стра́вах strávax
count form	—	стра́вы1 strávy1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Related terms

• стра́ўнік m inan (stráŭnik)

References

• Bulyka, A. M., editor (2012), “страва”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 32 (смыковати – струмень), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 446
• “страва”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
• “страва” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Old Ruthenian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic сътра́ва (sŭtráva), from Proto-Slavic *sъtrava.

Noun

страва • (strava) f inan

1. food, dish

Descendants

• Belarusian: стра́ва (stráva)
• Ukrainian: стра́ва (stráva)

Further reading

• Zizanij, Lavrentij (1596) Лєксис [Lexis] (overall work in Old Church Slavonic and Old Ruthenian), Vilnius: Vilna Brother Printing House, page 259: “сᲄра̑ва”

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Related to стра̑х.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /strǎːʋa/
• Hyphenation: стра‧ва

Noun

стра́ва f (Latin spelling stráva)

1. horror, dread

Declension

Declension of страва

	singular	plural
nominative	страва	страве
genitive	страве	страва
dative	страви	стравама
accusative	страву	страве
vocative	страво	страве
locative	страви	стравама
instrumental	стравом	стравама

Ukrainian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian стра́ва (stráva), from Old East Slavic сътра́ва (sŭtráva), from Proto-Slavic *sъtrava.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈstraʋɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

стра́ва • (stráva) f inan (genitive стра́ви, nominative plural стра́ви, genitive plural страв)

1. dish (specific type of prepared food)
2. course (stage of a meal)

Declension

Declension of стра́ва (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	стра́ва stráva	стра́ви strávy
genitive	стра́ви strávy	страв strav
dative	стра́ві strávi	стра́вам strávam
accusative	стра́ву strávu	стра́ви strávy
instrumental	стра́вою strávoju	стра́вами strávamy
locative	стра́ві strávi	стра́вах strávax
vocative	стра́во strávo	стра́ви strávy

Synonyms

• їжа (jiža)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “страва”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka