пухам

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *puxati.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpuxɐm]

Verb

пу́хам • (púham) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective пу́хна) (obsolescent)

1. (intransitive) to puff, to wheeze, to blow
2. (intransitive) to swell, to bloat, to get inflated

Usage notes

Less frequently used than Etymology 2.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of пу́хам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	пу́хащ púhašt	пу́хал, пуха́л1 púhal, puhál1	пу́хал púhal	—		пу́хайки púhajki
	definite subject form	пу́хащият púhaštijat	пу́халият, пуха́лият1 púhalijat, puhálijat1	—	—
	definite object form	пу́хащия púhaštija	пу́халия, пуха́лия1 púhalija, puhálija1	—	—
feminine	indefinite	пу́хаща púhašta	пу́хала, пуха́ла1 púhala, puhála1	пу́хала púhala	—
	definite	пу́хащата púhaštata	пу́халата, пуха́лата1 púhalata, puhálata1	—	—
neuter	indefinite	пу́хащо púhašto	пу́хало, пуха́ло1 púhalo, puhálo1	пу́хало púhalo	—	пу́хане púhane
	definite	пу́хащото púhaštoto	пу́халото, пуха́лото1 púhaloto, puháloto1	—	—	пу́хането púhaneto
plural	indefinite	пу́хащи púhašti	пу́хали, пуха́ли1 púhali, puháli1	пу́хали púhali	—	пу́хания, пу́ханета púhanija, púhaneta
	definite	пу́хащите púhaštite	пу́халите, пуха́лите1 púhalite, puhálite1	—	—	пу́ханията, пу́ханетата púhanijata, púhanetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		пу́хам púham	пу́хаш púhaš	пу́ха púha	пу́хаме púhame	пу́хате púhate	пу́хат púhat
imperfect		пу́хах púhah	пу́хаше púhaše	пу́хаше púhaše	пу́хахме púhahme	пу́хахте púhahte	пу́хаха púhaha
aorist		пу́хах, пуха́х1 púhah, puháh1	пу́ха, пуха́1 púha, puhá1	пу́ха, пуха́1 púha, puhá1	пу́хахме, пуха́хме1 púhahme, puháhme1	пу́хахте, пуха́хте1 púhahte, puháhte1	пу́хаха, пуха́ха1 púhaha, puháha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			пу́хай púhaj			пу́хайте púhajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

• подпу́хна pf (podpúhna), подпу́хвам impf (podpúhvam, “to bloat”)
• разпу́хна pf (razpúhna), разпу́хвам impf (razpúhvam)
• спу́хна pf (spúhna), спу́хвам impf (spúhvam, “to deflate”)
• пу́хвам (púhvam), пухтя́ (puhtjá), пу́xкам (púxkam) (semelfactive)
• пу́хав (púhav)

Related terms

• пи́хам (píham, “to gasp”)
• пу́ша (púša, “to smoke”)
• пъхтя́ (pǎhtjá, “to pant”)
• пух (puh, “down, fluff”)
  • пухе́ст (puhést), пу́хкав (púhkav, “fluffy”)

References

• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “пухам¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 14

Etymology 2

Of expressive origin; possibly from Etymology 1 via semantic shift (prompting a shift in transitivity, too) or from the onomatopoeia пу-у-у (pu-u-u).

Comparable with Bulgarian бу́хам (búham, “to batter”), пу́кам (púkam, “to crack, to burst”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpuxɐm]

Verb

пу́хам • (púham) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective пу́хна)

1. (transitive) to smack, to thwack with accompanying dull noise
2. (transitive) to pat, to dust off (something dusty)
3. (transitive) to burst, to blow up (something by striking it)
4. (transitive, figurative) to startle, to stun, to blow away someone's mind

Conjugation

    Conjugation of пу́хам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	пу́хащ púhašt	пу́хал, пуха́л1 púhal, puhál1	пу́хал púhal	пу́хан púhan		пу́хайки púhajki
	definite subject form	пу́хащият púhaštijat	пу́халият, пуха́лият1 púhalijat, puhálijat1	—	пу́ханият púhanijat
	definite object form	пу́хащия púhaštija	пу́халия, пуха́лия1 púhalija, puhálija1	—	пу́хания púhanija
feminine	indefinite	пу́хаща púhašta	пу́хала, пуха́ла1 púhala, puhála1	пу́хала púhala	пу́хана púhana
	definite	пу́хащата púhaštata	пу́халата, пуха́лата1 púhalata, puhálata1	—	пу́ханата púhanata
neuter	indefinite	пу́хащо púhašto	пу́хало, пуха́ло1 púhalo, puhálo1	пу́хало púhalo	пу́хано púhano	пу́хане púhane
	definite	пу́хащото púhaštoto	пу́халото, пуха́лото1 púhaloto, puháloto1	—	пу́ханото púhanoto	пу́хането púhaneto
plural	indefinite	пу́хащи púhašti	пу́хали, пуха́ли1 púhali, puháli1	пу́хали púhali	пу́хани púhani	пу́хания, пу́ханета púhanija, púhaneta
	definite	пу́хащите púhaštite	пу́халите, пуха́лите1 púhalite, puhálite1	—	пу́ханите púhanite	пу́ханията, пу́ханетата púhanijata, púhanetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		пу́хам púham	пу́хаш púhaš	пу́ха púha	пу́хаме púhame	пу́хате púhate	пу́хат púhat
imperfect		пу́хах púhah	пу́хаше púhaše	пу́хаше púhaše	пу́хахме púhahme	пу́хахте púhahte	пу́хаха púhaha
aorist		пу́хах, пуха́х1 púhah, puháh1	пу́ха, пуха́1 púha, puhá1	пу́ха, пуха́1 púha, puhá1	пу́хахме, пуха́хме1 púhahme, puháhme1	пу́хахте, пуха́хте1 púhahte, puháhte1	пу́хаха, пуха́ха1 púhaha, puháha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал m, пу́хала f, пу́хало n, or пу́хали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and пу́хал/пуха́л1 m, пу́хала/пуха́ла1 f, пу́хало/пуха́ло1 n, or пу́хали/пуха́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			пу́хай púhaj			пу́хайте púhajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Alternative forms

• пу́гам (púgam) — dialectal

Derived terms

• изпу́хам pf (izpúham), изпу́хвам impf (izpúhvam)
• напу́хам pf (napúham), напу́хвам impf (napúhvam)
• опу́хам pf (opúham), опу́хвам impf (opúhvam)
• разпу́хам pf (razpúham), разпу́хвам impf (razpúhvam)
• спу́хам pf (spúham), спу́хвам impf (spúhvam, “to wear off”) (dialectal)

References

• “пухам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “пухам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “пухам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 14