лющя
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Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Causative-iterative from nowadays obsolete/dialectal лю́ска (ljúska, “scale, husk”) + -я (-ja) (< Proto-Slavic *ľuska).
Expressive semantics (listed by some dictionary as a separate etymon) is from related interjection люс (ljus, “whoosh”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]лю́щя • (ljúštja) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (transitive) to husk, to scale, to hull (to remove husks, scales, hulls)
- (by extension) to exfoliate, to peel
- (expressive) to smack, to clap, to pound
- ня́кому лю́щя шама́р ― njákomu ljúštja šamár ― to thwack a slap on somebody
- (reflexive with се) to shed, to slough (of skin, scales, coverring, paint, plaster)
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of лю́щя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | лю́щещ ljúštešt |
лю́щил, лющи́л1 ljúštil, ljuštíl1 |
лю́щел ljúštel |
лю́щен ljúšten |
лю́щейки ljúštejki | |
| definite subject form | лю́щещият ljúšteštijat |
лю́щилият, лющи́лият1 ljúštilijat, ljuštílijat1 |
— | лю́щеният ljúštenijat | |||
| definite object form | лю́щещия ljúšteštija |
лю́щилия, лющи́лия1 ljúštilija, ljuštílija1 |
— | лю́щения ljúštenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | лю́щеща ljúštešta |
лю́щила, лющи́ла1 ljúštila, ljuštíla1 |
лю́щела ljúštela |
лю́щена ljúštena | ||
| definite | лю́щещата ljúšteštata |
лю́щилата, лющи́лата1 ljúštilata, ljuštílata1 |
— | лю́щената ljúštenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | лю́щещо ljúštešto |
лю́щило, лющи́ло1 ljúštilo, ljuštílo1 |
лю́щело ljúštelo |
лю́щено ljúšteno |
лю́щене ljúštene | |
| definite | лю́щещото ljúšteštoto |
лю́щилото, лющи́лото1 ljúštiloto, ljuštíloto1 |
— | лю́щеното ljúštenoto |
лю́щенето ljúšteneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | лю́щещи ljúštešti |
лю́щили, лющи́ли1 ljúštili, ljuštíli1 |
лю́щели ljúšteli |
лю́щени ljúšteni |
лю́щения, лю́щенета ljúštenija, ljúšteneta | |
| definite | лю́щещите ljúšteštite |
лю́щилите, лющи́лите1 ljúštilite, ljuštílite1 |
— | лю́щените ljúštenite |
лю́щенията, лю́щенетата ljúštenijata, ljúštenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | лю́щя ljúštja |
лю́щиш ljúštiš |
лю́щи ljúšti |
лю́щим ljúštim |
лю́щите ljúštite |
лю́щят ljúštjat | |
| imperfect | лю́щех ljúšteh |
лю́щеше ljúšteše |
лю́щеше ljúšteše |
лю́щехме ljúštehme |
лю́щехте ljúštehte |
лю́щеха ljúšteha | |
| aorist | лю́щих, лющи́х1 ljúštih, ljuštíh1 |
лю́щи, лющи́1 ljúšti, ljuští1 |
лю́щи, лющи́1 ljúšti, ljuští1 |
лю́щихме, лющи́хме1 ljúštihme, ljuštíhme1 |
лю́щихте, лющи́хте1 ljúštihte, ljuštíhte1 |
лю́щиха, лющи́ха1 ljúštiha, ljuštíha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лю́щел m, лю́щела f, лю́щело n, or лю́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лю́щел m, лю́щела f, лю́щело n, or лю́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лю́щел m, лю́щела f, лю́щело n, or лю́щели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and лю́щил/лющи́л1 m, лю́щила/лющи́ла1 f, лю́щило/лющи́ло1 n, or лю́щили/лющи́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| лющи́ ljuští |
люще́те ljuštéte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Alternative forms
[edit]- лу́щя (lúštja)
Derived terms
[edit]- долю́щя pf (doljúštja), долю́щвам impf (doljúštvam)
- залю́щя pf (zaljúštja), залю́щвам impf (zaljúštvam)
- излю́щя pf (izljúštja), излю́щвам impf (izljúštvam)
- олю́щя pf (oljúštja), олю́щвам impf (oljúštvam)
- отлю́щя pf (otljúštja), отлю́щвам impf (otljúštvam)
- полю́щя pf (poljúštja), полю́щвам impf (poljúštvam)
- лющни́к (ljuštník, “spank, slap”) (dialectal)
Related terms
[edit]- лю́скам (ljúskam), лю́свам (ljúsvam), лю́сна (ljúsna) (inchoative)
- лю́хам (ljúham), лю́хвам (ljúhvam), лю́хна (ljúhna, “to smack, to slam”) (colloquial, dialectal)
- лю́згам (ljúzgam, “to hit hard”) (colloquial)
- лю́спя (ljúspja, “to scale”)
References
[edit]- “лющя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “лющя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лющя¹, лющя²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 585
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “лю́щѭ, -ишь; -щи́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 38