дзеўка
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Belarusian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Compare Russian де́вка (dévka).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]дзе́ўка • (dzjéŭka) f pers (genitive дзе́ўкі, nominative plural дзе́ўкі, genitive plural дзе́вак)
- (archaic) maid (a female servant)
- (archaic) wench (a girl or young woman of a lower class)
- 1911, “Жа́ласливая па́ни”, in Александр Сержпутовскій, editor, Сказки и разсказы бѣлоруссовъ полѣшуковъ [Fairy tales and stories of the Belarusians from Polesia], С.-Петербургъ, page 145:
- Дава́й тут камыса́р праси́ць па́на, каб ё́н прада́ў ту́ю дзѣ́ўку ему́; дае́ мнǒґо ґро́шэй и ўсю сваю́ земе́льку, што дастала́са ат ба́цька.
- Now the commissar started begging the landowner to sell that serf girl to him, offering a lot of money and all his land that he got from his father.
- 1914, Albert Paūłowič, “Śmiešny zakon”, in Apawiedańnia i lehiendy wieršam, Wilnia: Biełaruskaje Wydawieckaje Tawarystwo, page 30:
- Heta ŭsim jak jość wiadoma,
Zdaŭna tak wiadziecca, —
Pjuć i baby, pjuć i dzieŭki,
Kali dawiadziecca.- It's well known to everyone,
As a custom from the old days:
Both countrywomen and wenches are drinkers,
When an opportunity arises.
- It's well known to everyone,
- (colloquial) spinster (a woman who has never been married)
- 1931 [1921], Jaroslav Hašek, translated by Міхась Зарэцкі, У тыле (Прыгоды ўдалага ваякі Швэйка; 1), Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války (in Czech), page 77; English translation from Cecil Parrott, transl., The Good Soldier Švejk and his fortunes in the World War, 1973:
- Гэта было цудоўнае відовішча. Былі прысутныя пры гэтым: пабожны маёр з таго-ж палку, дзе служыў Отто Кац, старая дзеўка з інстытуту шляхетных паненак на Градчанах і мурласты прадстаўнік консысторыі, які быў у яго за хроснага.
- Heta byló cudóŭnaje vidóvišča. Byli prysutnyja pry hetym: pabóžny majór z tahó-ž palku, dzje služyŭ Otto Kac, staraja dzjeŭka z instytutu šljaxjetnyx panjenak na Hradčanax i murlasty pradstaŭnik konsystoryi, jaki byŭ u jahó za xrósnaha.
- [original: Byla to nádherná podívaná, byl u toho jeden nábožný major od pluku, kde Otto Katz sloužil, jedna stará panna z ústavu šlechtičen na Hradčanech a nějaký otlemený zástupce konzistoře, který mu dělal kmotra.]
- It was a magnificent spectacle; it was attended by a pious major from the regiment where Otto Katz served, an old maid from the Institute of Gentlewomen on the Hradcany and a large-jowled representative of the consistory, who acted as his godfather.
- 2013, Adam Hlobus, “Зялёная свечка”, in Казкі для дарослых (зборнік)[1], Litres, published 2022, →ISBN:
- Дзеўка ніяк не магла выйсці замуж. Каму падабалася яна, тыя не падабаліся ёй; а з тых, хто падабаўся ёй, ніводны не ўпадабаў яе.
- Dzjeŭka nijak nje mahla vyjsci zamuž. Kamu padabalasja jana, tyja nje padabalisja joj; a z tyx, xto padabaŭsja joj, nivódny nje ŭpadabaŭ jaje.
- A single girl had a hard time getting married. Those who liked her, were not up to her tastes; and of those whom she liked, nobody liked her.
- (vulgar) broad, doxy, hussy, slut, whore (a young woman of loose morals)
- 1938 [1848], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Домбі і сын, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Dombey and Son, page 437:
- — Я ведаю пра яе вельмі мала добрага, сэр, — пракаркала місіс Піпчын. — Як вы адважыліся прыйсці сюды, дзеўка? Ідзіце вон!
- — Ja vjedaju pra jaje vjelʹmi mala dóbraha, ser, — prakarkala misis Pipčyn. — Jak vy advažylisja pryjsci sjudy, dzjeŭka? Idzicje von!
- [original: "I know very little good of her, Sir," croaked Mrs. Pipchin. "How dare you come here, you hussy? Go along with you!"]
- 1940 [1882], Mark Twain, translated by Janka Maŭr, Прынц і жабрак, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of The Prince and the Pauper, page 113:
- Ён спытаў, колькі цяпер чалавек у бандзе. Атаман адказаў: — Дваццаць пяць аўчын, варштатаў, напілкаў, кулакоў, карзіншчыкаў, ды яшчэ старыя і дзеўкі. Большасць тут. Рэшта пайшлі на ўсход, па зімняй дарозе; на золаку і мы пойдзем за імі.
- Jon spytaŭ, kólʹki cjapjer čalavjek u bandzje. Ataman adkazaŭ: — Dvaccacʹ pjacʹ aŭčyn, varštataŭ, napilkaŭ, kulakóŭ, karzinščykaŭ, dy jašče staryja i dzjeŭki. Bólʹšascʹ tut. Rešta pajšli na ŭsxod, pa zimnjaj darózje; na zólaku i my pójdzjem za imi.
- [original: He inquired how many persons the gang numbered now. The "Ruffler," or chief, answered—"Five and twenty sturdy budges, bulks, files, clapperdogeons and maunders, counting the dells and doxies and other morts. Most are here, the rest are wandering eastward, along the winter lay. We follow at dawn."]
Usage notes
[edit]Unless used in an informal context between friends or relatives, this word is almost always offensive, patronizing or at least implying low social status.
Declension
[edit]Declension of дзе́ўка (pr velar fem-form accent-a reduc)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | дзе́ўка dzjéŭka |
дзе́ўкі dzjéŭki |
genitive | дзе́ўкі dzjéŭki |
дзе́вак dzjévak |
dative | дзе́ўцы dzjéŭcy |
дзе́ўкам dzjéŭkam |
accusative | дзе́ўку dzjéŭku |
дзе́вак dzjévak |
instrumental | дзе́ўкай, дзе́ўкаю dzjéŭkaj, dzjéŭkaju |
дзе́ўкамі dzjéŭkami |
locative | дзе́ўцы dzjéŭcy |
дзе́ўках dzjéŭkax |
count form | — | дзе́ўкі1 dzjéŭki1 |
1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
References
[edit]- “дзеўка”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
- “дзеўка” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
Categories:
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Belarusian lemmas
- Belarusian nouns
- Belarusian feminine nouns
- Belarusian personal nouns
- Belarusian terms with archaic senses
- Belarusian terms with quotations
- Belarusian colloquialisms
- Belarusian vulgarities
- Belarusian velar-stem feminine-form nouns
- Belarusian velar-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns
- Belarusian nouns with accent pattern a
- Belarusian nouns with reducible stem