гӏаж
Ingush
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Kumyk къаз (qaz). The substitution of з (z) with ж (ž) is atypical for Ingush, so the influence of the Ossetian form хъаз (qaz) is assumed, since Ossetian pronunciation lacks the original distinction of postalveolar /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ from the respective alveolar sibilants /s/ and /z/. The borrowing of гӏаж (ğaž) from Ossetian cannot be accepted, since in Kumyk къ (q) at the beginning of the wordform is pronounced as /ɢ/, which is reflected in Vainakh as /ʁ/. Compare with Chechen гӏа̄з (ğaaz). It is assumed that long vowels were once present in Kumyk because of their presence in Vainakh loanwords.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]гӏа̄ж • (ğaaž) class jj
Declension
[edit]| Declension of гӏаж | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Nominative | гӏа̄ж ğaaž |
гӏа̄жаш ğaažaš | ||
| Genitive | гӏа̄жа ğaaža |
гӏа̄жӣ ğaažii | ||
| Ergative | гӏа̄жо̄ ğaažoo |
гӏа̄жаша ğaažaša | ||
| Dative | гӏа̄жа̄ ğaažaa |
гӏа̄жашта ğaažašta | ||
| Instrumental | гӏа̄жаца ğaažaca |
гӏа̄жашца ğaažašca | ||
| Comparison | гӏа̄жал ğaažal |
гӏа̄жел ğaažel | ||
| Allative | гӏа̄жага ğaažaga |
гӏа̄жашка ğaažaška | ||
| Lative | гӏа̄жах ğaažax |
гӏа̄жех ğaažex | ||
References
[edit]- Alirojev, Ibragim Ju. (1978) Нахские языки и культура [Nakh languages and culture] (in Russian), Grozny: Чечено-Ингушское книжное издательство, page 13
- Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “гӏаж”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 51b