вӧвны

Komi-Zyrian

Etymology

Suppletive:

• The forms starting in вӧл- (> вӧв-) are from Proto-Permic *vɔ̇lni, from Proto-Uralic *wole- (“to be”).
• The forms starting in ло- are from Proto-Permic *lɔ-, from Proto-Uralic *le- (“to become”).

This same suppletion happened in many Uralic languages, including Finnish olla and Hungarian van.

The direct descendant of Proto-Uralic *le- still exists in Komi-Zyrian as лоны (lony, “to become”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋɘʋnɯ/, [ˈʋɘʋnɯ̈]
• Hyphenation: вӧв‧ны

Verb

вӧвны • (vövny)

1. (copulative) to be
   • 1957, A. S. Pushkin, translated by P. G. Doronina, Царь Салтан йылысь, сылӧн славнӧй пи ён багатыр князь Гвидон Салтанович да мича юсь-царевна йылысь мойд [The tale of tsar Saltan, his renowed son the mighty bogatyr prince Gvidon Saltanovich and of the beautiful swan-princess], page 3:

     Куим нывка ӧшинь дорын
     Вӧлі печкӧны рыт сёрӧн.

     Kuim nyvka öšiń doryn
     Völi pećköny ryt śorön.

     Three lasses were by a window
     They were spinning one evening late.

Usage notes

• In the present tense, the copulative is omitted, except in the third-person singular эм (em), which is used to express possession, location and emphasis. Compare a similar usage of the Russian copulative быть (bytʹ).

Conjugation

Conjugation of вӧвны
	Present tense		Future tense
	positive	negative	positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	лоа (loa)	ог ло (og lo)
2nd singular	—	—	лоан (loan)	он ло (on lo)
3rd singular	—	—	лоас (loas)	оз ло (oz lo)
1st plural	—	—	лоам (loam)	ог лоӧй (og loöj)
2nd plural	—	—	лоанныд (loannyd)	он лоӧй (on loöj)
3rd plural	—	—	лоасны (loasny)	оз лоӧй (oz loöj)
	Direct past tense		Reported past tense
	positive	negative	positive	negative
1st singular	вӧлі (völi)	эг вӧв (eg vöv)
2nd singular	вӧлін (völin)	эн вӧв (en vöv)	вӧлӧмыд (völömyd)	абу вӧлӧмыд (abu völömyd)
3rd singular	вӧлі (völi)	эз вӧв (ez vöv)	вӧлӧма (völöma)	абу вӧлӧма (abu völöma)
1st plural	вӧлім (völim)	эг вӧлӧй (eg völöj)
2nd plural	вӧлінныд (völinnyd)	эн вӧлӧй (en völöj)	вӧлӧмныд (völömnyd)	абу вӧлӧмныд (abu völömnyd)
3rd plural	вӧліны (völiny)	эз вӧлӧй (ez völöj)	вӧлӧмаӧсь (völömaöś)	абу вӧлӧмаӧсь (abu völömaöś)
	Imperative
	positive	negative
2nd singular	ло (lo)	эн ло (en lo)	Infinitive	вӧвны (vövny)
2nd plural	лоӧй (loöj)	эн лоӧй (en loöj)	Present participle	лоысь (loyś)
*) The impersonal reported past is expressed using the third singular form. **) The first person imperative is expressed using the first person future form. ***) Any form ending in -ӧй has an alternative form ending in -ӧ. ****) The imperfect and perfect participles have alternative forms with a paragogic -а.			Imperfect participle	лоан (loan)
			Perfect participle	лоӧм (loöm)
			Caritive participle	лотӧм (lotöm)

Nominal inflection of вӧвны
	Impersonal	First person	Second person	Third person
Nominative	вӧвны (vövny)	вӧвным (vövnym)	вӧвныд (vövnyd)	вӧвныс (vövnys)
Accusative			вӧвнытӧ (vövnytö)	вӧвнысӧ (vövnysö)

References

• A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 46
• Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 123
• L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 114