ϫⲫⲟ

Coptic

Etymology

Causative of ϣⲱⲡⲓ (šōpi)

Alternative forms

• ⲧⳉⲡⲟ (txpo) — Akhmimic
• ϫⲡⲟ (čpo) — Sahidic, Lycopolitan
• ϫⲡⲁ (čpa) — Fayyumic

Verb

ϫⲫⲟ • (čpho) (nominal state ϫⲫⲉ- or ⲧϩⲫⲉ-, pronominal state ϫⲫⲟ⸗, stative ϫⲫⲏⲟⲩⲧ)

1. (Sahidic, Lycopolitan) to beget, bring forth
2. (Sahidic, Lycopolitan) to acquire

Conjugation

Conjugation of ϫⲫⲟ (Bohairic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ϫⲫⲟ čpho	imperative	affirmative	ϫⲫⲟ čpho
	negative	ϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲫⲟ štemčpho		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϫⲫⲟ m̀perčpho

			singular					plural			nominal
			1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
present	basic		ϯϫⲫⲟ tičpho	ⲕϫⲫⲟ kčpho	ⲧⲉϫⲫⲟ tečpho	ϥϫⲫⲟ fčpho	ⲥϫⲫⲟ sčpho	ⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ tenčpho	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ tetenčpho	ⲥⲉϫⲫⲟ sečpho	ϫⲫⲟ čpho
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓϫⲫⲟ eičpho	ⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ ekčpho	ⲉⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ erečpho	ⲉϥϫⲫⲟ efčpho	ⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ esčpho	ⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ enčpho	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ eretenčpho	ⲉⲩϫⲫⲟ eučpho	ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ ere- čpho
	relative		ⲉϯϫⲫⲟ etičpho	ⲉⲧⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ etekčpho	ⲉⲧⲉϫⲫⲟ etečpho	ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲫⲟ etefčpho	ⲉⲧⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ etesčpho	ⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ etenčpho	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ etetenčpho	ⲉⲧⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ etoučpho	ⲉⲧⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ ete- čpho
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ naičpho	ⲛⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ nakčpho	ⲛⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ narečpho	ⲛⲁϥϫⲫⲟ nafčpho	ⲛⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ nasčpho	ⲛⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ nančpho	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ naretenčpho	ⲛⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ naučpho	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ nare- čpho
	focalising		ⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ aičpho	ⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ akčpho	ⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ arečpho	ⲁϥϫⲫⲟ afčpho	ⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ asčpho	ⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ ančpho	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ aretenčpho	ⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ aučpho	ⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ are- čpho
future	basic		ϯⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ tinačpho	ⲭⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ khnačpho	ⲧⲉⲣⲁϫⲫⲟ teračpho	ϥⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ fnačpho	ⲥⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ snačpho	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ tennačpho	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ tetennačpho	ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ senačpho	ⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ načpho
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ einačpho	ⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ ekhnačpho	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ erenačpho	ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ efnačpho	ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ esnačpho	ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ ennačpho	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ eretennačpho	ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ eunačpho	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ ere- načpho
	relative		ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ etinačpho	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ etekhnačpho	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ etenačpho	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ etefnačpho	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ etesnačpho	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ etennačpho	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ etetennačpho	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ etounačpho	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ ete- načpho
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ nainačpho	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ nakhnačpho	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ narenačpho	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ nafnačpho	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ nasnačpho	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ nannačpho	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ naretennačpho	ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ naunačpho	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ nare- načpho
	focalising		ⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ ainačpho	ⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ akhnačpho	ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ arenačpho	ⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ afnačpho	ⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ asnačpho	ⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ annačpho	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ aretennačpho	ⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ aunačpho	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ are- načpho
negated with			(ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an
non-durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
past	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ aičpho	ⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ akčpho	ⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ arečpho	ⲁϥϫⲫⲟ afčpho	ⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ asčpho	ⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ ančpho	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ atetenčpho	ⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ aučpho	ⲁ- ϫⲫⲟ a- čpho
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲫⲟ m̀pičpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ m̀pekčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲫⲟ m̀pečpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲫⲟ m̀pefčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ m̀pesčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ m̀penčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ m̀petenčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ m̀poučpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ m̀pe- čpho
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ eaičpho	ⲉⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ eakčpho	ⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ earečpho	ⲉⲁϥϫⲫⲟ eafčpho	ⲉⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ easčpho	ⲉⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ eančpho	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ eatetenčpho	ⲉⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ eaučpho	ⲉⲁ- ϫⲫⲟ ea- čpho
		negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲫⲟ em̀pičpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ em̀pekčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲫⲟ em̀pečpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲫⲟ em̀pefčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ em̀pesčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ em̀penčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ em̀petenčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ em̀poučpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ em̀pe- čpho
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ etaičpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ etakčpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ etarečpho	ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲫⲟ etafčpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ etasčpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ etančpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ etaretenčpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ etaučpho	ⲉⲧⲁ- ϫⲫⲟ eta- čpho
		negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲫⲟ etm̀pičpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ etm̀pekčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲫⲟ etm̀pečpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲫⲟ etm̀pefčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ etm̀pesčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ etm̀penčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ etm̀petenčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ etm̀poučpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ etm̀pe- čpho
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ neaičpho	ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ neakčpho	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ nearečpho	ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲫⲟ neafčpho	ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ neasčpho	ⲛⲉⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ neančpho	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ neatetenčpho	ⲛⲉⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ neaučpho	ⲛⲉⲁ- ϫⲫⲟ nea- čpho
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲫⲟ nem̀pičpho	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ nem̀pekčpho	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϫⲫⲟ nem̀pečpho	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϫⲫⲟ nem̀pefčpho	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ nem̀pesčpho	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ nem̀penčpho	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ nem̀petenčpho	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ nem̀poučpho	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ nem̀pe- čpho
	focalising, precursive	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ etaičpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ etakčpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ etarečpho	ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲫⲟ etafčpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ etasčpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ etančpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ etaretenčpho	ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ etaučpho	ⲉⲧⲁ- ϫⲫⲟ eta- čpho
expectative	basic	negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲫⲟ m̀patičpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ m̀patekčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲫⲟ m̀patečpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲫⲟ m̀patefčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ m̀patesčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ m̀patenčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ m̀patetenčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ m̀patoučpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ m̀pate- čpho
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲫⲟ em̀patičpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ em̀patekčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲫⲟ em̀patečpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲫⲟ em̀patefčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ em̀patesčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ em̀patenčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ em̀patetenčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ em̀patoučpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ em̀pate- čpho
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲫⲟ etm̀patičpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ etm̀patekčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲫⲟ etm̀patečpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲫⲟ etm̀patefčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ etm̀patesčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ etm̀patenčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ etm̀patetenčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ etm̀patoučpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ etm̀pate- čpho
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϫⲫⲟ nam̀patičpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ nam̀patekčpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲫⲟ nam̀patečpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲫⲟ nam̀patefčpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ nam̀patesčpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ nam̀patenčpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ nam̀patetenčpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ nam̀patoučpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ nam̀pate- čpho
aorist	basic	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ šaičpho	ϣⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ šakčpho	ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ šarečpho	ϣⲁϥϫⲫⲟ šafčpho	ϣⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ šasčpho	ϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ šančpho	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ šatetenčpho	ϣⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ šaučpho	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ šare- čpho
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ m̀paičpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ m̀pakčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ m̀parečpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲫⲟ m̀pafčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ m̀pasčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ m̀pančpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ m̀paretenčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ m̀paučpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ m̀pare- čpho
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ ešaičpho	ⲉϣⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ ešakčpho	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ ešarečpho	ⲉϣⲁϥϫⲫⲟ ešafčpho	ⲉϣⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ ešasčpho	ⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ ešančpho	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ ešatetenčpho	ⲉϣⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ ešaučpho	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ ešare- čpho
		negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ em̀paičpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ em̀pakčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ em̀parečpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲫⲟ em̀pafčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ em̀pasčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ em̀pančpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ em̀paretenčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ em̀paučpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ em̀pare- čpho
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ etšaičpho	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ etšakčpho	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ etšarečpho	ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϫⲫⲟ etšafčpho	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ etšasčpho	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ etšančpho	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ etšatetenčpho	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ etšaučpho	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ etšare- čpho
		negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ etm̀paičpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ etm̀pakčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ etm̀parečpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲫⲟ etm̀pafčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ etm̀pasčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ etm̀pančpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ etm̀paretenčpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ etm̀paučpho	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ etm̀pare- čpho
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ našaičpho	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ našakčpho	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ našarečpho	ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϫⲫⲟ našafčpho	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ našasčpho	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ našančpho	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ našatetenčpho	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ našaučpho	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ našare- čpho
		negative	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ nam̀paičpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ nam̀pakčpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ nam̀parečpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲫⲟ nam̀pafčpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ nam̀pasčpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ nam̀pančpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ nam̀paretenčpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ nam̀paučpho	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ nam̀pare- čpho
	focalising	affirmative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ em̀paičpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ em̀pakčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ em̀parečpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϫⲫⲟ em̀pafčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ em̀pasčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ em̀pančpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ em̀paretenčpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ em̀paučpho	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ em̀pare- čpho
optative	basic	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉϫⲫⲟ eiečpho	ⲉⲕⲉϫⲫⲟ ekečpho	ⲉⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ erečpho	ⲉϥⲉϫⲫⲟ efečpho	ⲉⲥⲉϫⲫⲟ esečpho	ⲉⲛⲉϫⲫⲟ enečpho	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϫⲫⲟ eretenečpho	ⲉⲩⲉϫⲫⲟ euečpho	ⲉⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ ere- čpho
		negative	ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϫⲫⲟ ǹnačpho	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ ǹnekčpho	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϫⲫⲟ ǹnečpho	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϫⲫⲟ ǹnefčpho	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ ǹnesčpho	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ ǹnenčpho	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ ǹnetenčpho	ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ ǹnoučpho	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ ǹne- čpho
jussive	basic	affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲫⲟ maričpho	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲫⲟ marefčpho	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ maresčpho	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ marenčpho	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ maroučpho	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ mare- čpho
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϫⲫⲟ m̀penthričpho			ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲫⲟ m̀penthrefčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ m̀penthresčpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ m̀penthrenčpho		ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϫⲫⲟ m̀penthreučpho	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ m̀penthre- čpho
subordinate clause
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive			ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϫⲫⲟ ǹtačpho	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ ǹtekčpho	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϫⲫⲟ ǹtečpho	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϫⲫⲟ ǹtefčpho	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ ǹtesčpho	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ ǹtenčpho	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ ǹtetenčpho	ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϫⲫⲟ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ ǹsečpho, ǹtoučpho	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ ǹte- čpho
future conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲣⲓϫⲫⲟ taričpho	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ tarekčpho	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ tarečpho	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲫⲟ tarefčpho	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ taresčpho	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ tarenčpho	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ taretenčpho	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ taroučpho	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ tare- čpho
limitative			ϣⲁϯϫⲫⲟ šatičpho	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲫⲟ šatekčpho	ϣⲁⲧⲉϫⲫⲟ šatečpho	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲫⲟ šatefčpho	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲫⲟ šatesčpho	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ šatenčpho	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ šatetenčpho	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲫⲟ šatoučpho	ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ šate- čpho
conditional	long		ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ aišančpho	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ akšančpho	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ arešančpho	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ afšančpho	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ asšančpho	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ anšančpho	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ aretenšančpho	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ aušančpho	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϫⲫⲟ arešan- čpho
	short		ⲁⲓϫⲫⲟ aičpho	ⲁⲕϫⲫⲟ akčpho	ⲁⲣⲉϫⲫⲟ arečpho	ⲁϥϫⲫⲟ afčpho	ⲁⲥϫⲫⲟ asčpho	ⲁⲛϫⲫⲟ ančpho	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲫⲟ aretenčpho	ⲁⲩϫⲫⲟ aučpho	ⲁⲣⲉ- ϫⲫⲟ are- čpho
negated with			ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem-

References

• Marcion Coptic dictionary