φλέγμα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From φλέγω (phlégō, “to set on fire, inflame”) +‎ -μα (-ma).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰléŋ.ma/ → /ˈɸleɣ.ma/ → /ˈfleɣ.ma/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰléŋ.ma/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰleɡ.ma/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸleɣ.ma/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfleɣ.ma/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfleɣ.ma/

Noun

φλέγμᾰ • (phlégma) n (genitive φλέγμᾰτος); third declension

1. flame, fire, heat
2. (medicine) inflammation
3. phlegm, a cold slimy humour of the body

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ φλέγμᾰ; τοῦ φλέγμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ φλέγμᾰ tò phlégma	τὼ φλέγμᾰτε tṑ phlégmate	τᾰ̀ φλέγμᾰτᾰ tà phlégmata
Genitive	τοῦ φλέγμᾰτος toû phlégmatos	τοῖν φλεγμᾰ́τοιν toîn phlegmátoin	τῶν φλεγμᾰ́των tôn phlegmátōn
Dative	τῷ φλέγμᾰτῐ tôi phlégmati	τοῖν φλεγμᾰ́τοιν toîn phlegmátoin	τοῖς φλέγμᾰσῐ / φλέγμᾰσῐν toîs phlégmasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ φλέγμᾰ tò phlégma	τὼ φλέγμᾰτε tṑ phlégmate	τᾰ̀ φλέγμᾰτᾰ tà phlégmata
Vocative	φλέγμᾰ phlégma	φλέγμᾰτε phlégmate	φλέγμᾰτᾰ phlégmata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• λευκὸν φλέγμα (leukòn phlégma, “type of dropsy, anasarca”)

Descendants

• → Arabic: بَلْغَم (balḡam)
  • Maltese: belgħun
  • → Azerbaijani: bəlğəm
  • → Indonesian: balgam
  • → Middle Armenian: պալղամ (palġam), պլղամ (plġam)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: بالغام (balgam)
    • Turkish: balgam
    • → Gagauz: balgam
  • → Swahili: balaghamu
• → English: phlegm
• → Latin: phlegma
  • Catalan: flegma
  • Galician: freima, flegma
  • Italian: flemma
    • French: flemme, flegme
  • Old French: fleume
    • → Middle Dutch: fleume, fleuma
      • Dutch: fluim
  • Polish: flegma
  • Portuguese: flegma, fleuma, fleima
  • Romanian: flegmă
  • Spanish: flema

Further reading

• “φλέγμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “φλέγμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “φλέγμα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• φλέγμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• φλέγμα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • phlegm idem, page 610.