φαλός

See also: φάλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰalós, traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shine”), with cognates including Sanskrit भाल (bhāla, “splendour”), Old Armenian բալ (bal, “fog”), Old English bǣl (English bale), and, in particular, Lithuanian bãlas (“white”).

It was further supposed that βαλιός (baliós, “spotted, dappled”) was related as a word from the Balkans. However, according to Beekes, the word is of Pre-Greek origin, in view of all the variations seen in the derived terms, and thus unrelated to the words listed under *bʰel-.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰa.lós/ → /ɸaˈlos/ → /faˈlos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰa.lós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pʰaˈlos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɸaˈlos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /faˈlos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /faˈlos/

Adjective

φᾰλός • (phălós) m (feminine φᾰλή, neuter φᾰλόν); first/second declension

1. (hapax) white

Inflection

First and second declension of φᾰλός; φᾰλή; φᾰλόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		φᾰλός phălós	φᾰλή phălḗ	φᾰλόν phălón		φᾰλώ phălṓ	φᾰλᾱ́ phălā́	φᾰλώ phălṓ		φᾰλοί phăloí	φᾰλαί phălaí	φᾰλᾰ́ phălắ
Genitive		φᾰλοῦ phăloû	φᾰλῆς phălês	φᾰλοῦ phăloû		φᾰλοῖν phăloîn	φᾰλαῖν phălaîn	φᾰλοῖν phăloîn		φᾰλῶν phălôn	φᾰλῶν phălôn	φᾰλῶν phălôn
Dative		φᾰλῷ phălôi	φᾰλῇ phălêi	φᾰλῷ phălôi		φᾰλοῖν phăloîn	φᾰλαῖν phălaîn	φᾰλοῖν phăloîn		φᾰλοῖς phăloîs	φᾰλαῖς phălaîs	φᾰλοῖς phăloîs
Accusative		φᾰλόν phălón	φᾰλήν phălḗn	φᾰλόν phălón		φᾰλώ phălṓ	φᾰλᾱ́ phălā́	φᾰλώ phălṓ		φᾰλούς phăloús	φᾰλᾱ́ς phălā́s	φᾰλᾰ́ phălắ
Vocative		φᾰλέ phălé	φᾰλή phălḗ	φᾰλόν phălón		φᾰλώ phălṓ	φᾰλᾱ́ phălā́	φᾰλώ phălṓ		φᾰλοί phăloí	φᾰλαί phălaí	φᾰλᾰ́ phălắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		φᾰλῶς phălôs				φᾰλώτερος phălṓteros				φᾰλώτᾰτος phălṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• φᾰλᾰκρός (phălăkrós)
• φᾰ́λᾱρος (phắlāros)
• φᾰλῐός (phălĭós)

Further reading

• “φαλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “φαλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• φαλός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “φαλός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011